tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71244974771732309512024-03-13T08:47:20.598-07:00William G. Allen- World War II LettersMassey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-66159522550518363562015-09-11T07:31:00.004-07:002015-09-13T13:04:00.508-07:00Chapter 1- The Introduction<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">William Allen<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dear Folks…Love, Bill<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“In memory of our son and brother.”’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Benton and Lura Allen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Elizabeth, Lee, and Benny<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Dedication to the book
of letters published by the family.</div>
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Bill Allen was a graduate of Dunlap High School and Knox
College. He was teaching at Galesburg High School when he made the decision to
join the U.S. Army and fight in World War II. Tragically, he was killed at the
very end of World War II as U.S. troops were within miles of Berlin.</div>
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The Allen family had two sons and one son-in-law fighting in
WWII. Bill Allen in Europe, brother Lee fighting with the U.S. Marines in Asia,
and Bob Arnold (daughter Elizabeth’s husband) fighting in Europe. Tragically
both Bill Allen and Bob Arnold were killed in action. </div>
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Bill was a prolific letter writer during the war. By all accounts,
he wrote hundreds of letters to his family, to teachers in Galesburg, and to friends.
He came by this letter writing naturally it would appear, his mother wrote a
letter each night to her two sons fighting in WWII. After the War, the Allen
family chose to publish letters Bill had sent to the family. The book was
entitled, “William Allen: Dear Folks… Love, Bill.”</div>
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<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
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Copies of the book of letters were given to Galesburg High
School, Dunlap High School, and Knox College to be used to help students better
understand World War II in particular, and war in general. As a social studies
teacher at Galesburg High School, I realized the GHS library no longer had any
copy of the books. I started out on a mission to figure out the best way to
make the letters accessible to Galesburg students. </div>
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I started by reading the letters in the original book. Once
I had read the letters, I wanted to know more of the story behind William
Allen. I had gone to Knox and then taught at GHS, just as William had done. I
could not see myself deciding to give up my career and enlisting in the U.S.
Army. I became intrigued about his story. I have spent the last several years
trying to find out as much information as I could about William Allen. </div>
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I have tried to put together as much information about
William Allen as I could find. I apologize for my writing, you will soon
realize I am not a professional writer so there are apt to be structural and
grammatical errors. And I apologize to professional researchers, as you will
quickly realize I am not a professional researcher. I hope my inadequacies
don’t get in the way of the story. </div>
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The most important part of this work is obviously the
letters from William to his folks, and the additional set of letters from
William to Aunt Mabel. For the young history student, hopefully the other
material will simply provide a background, which may increase your
understanding of the letters.</div>
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It is my hope to keep the inspiring story of Bill Allen
alive among students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
Americans, we need to be reminded of the sacrifices our ancestors have made.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Evan Massey</div>
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Retired- Chairperson Social Studies Dept.</div>
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Galesburg High School</div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Note- This material has
not been put together for profit. Classroom teacher may feel free to copy
material for use in their classroom with their students. No part of this
material is to be copied or reprinted for profit without written permission.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></i></div>
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Contact: Evan Massey, 1535 North Prairie St., Galesburg, IL
61401</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Special Thanks--</span></b><br />
<br />
Knox Archives and Special Collections- Thanks to the helpful staff who helped me find so much material.<br />
<br />
Owen Muelder- Knox and Galesburg historian who provided much insight into Knox College of this era.<br />
<br />
Amy Massey and R.J.Robertson- They converted the letters to Mabel Allen from handwritten into typed editions.<br />
<br />
Linda Giger, Catherine Wiley-Parkin, Craig Hillier- They provided the expertise in getting many items into a digital form.<br />
<br />
Frans and Pauline Roukens- They provided pictures and shared memories.<br />
<br />
The Allen Family- They patiently educated me on the Allen family and on William Allen.</div>
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Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-19342519751528545462015-09-11T07:31:00.002-07:002015-09-15T22:22:44.019-07:00Chapter 2- The Allen Family<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Family<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“I
thought of you in church on Christmas Eve and all the fun we used to have on
Christmas morning at home. I wondered if Benny got up as early as we used to do
and if Dad had gotten up to build the fire first and to make sure that Santa
had arrived before the rest were allowed to come downstairs.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Bill Allen in letter
sent home on December 26, 1944</div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Qhj7fADU82c/VfLnBa__woI/AAAAAAAAF70/_DbryMdWPYo/s1600/2-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="404" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Qhj7fADU82c/VfLnBa__woI/AAAAAAAAF70/_DbryMdWPYo/s640/2-1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William (college age), Lura, Lee, Benny, Benton, Elizabeth</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;">
Benton and Lura Allen had two sons and one son-in-law
fighting in WWII. Bill Allen in Europe, Lee Allen fighting with the U.S.
Marines in Asia, and Bob Arnold (daughter Elizabeth’s husband) fighting in
Europe. Tragically both Bill Allen and Bob Arnold were killed.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_GIYqtdISvk/VfLnU98vEtI/AAAAAAAAF78/SRzLivJzsrE/s1600/2-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="287" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_GIYqtdISvk/VfLnU98vEtI/AAAAAAAAF78/SRzLivJzsrE/s400/2-2.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Allen's farm house- it was just outside of Alta when headed to Dunlap.</td></tr>
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Benton (“BC”)- 1894-1991</div>
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Bill’s father was 41 years old when Bill was killed. Benton
Charles was a veterinarian and farmer. He first had to go to Champaign to tell
his daughter of the death of her husband, Bob Arnold, and then received
notification of the death of his son. Bill had sent uniforms and war materials
home, with the hope of using them in plays when he returned. Family members say
that upon hearing the news of Bill’s death, Benton went and got the war
materials and burned them. Granddaughter, Mary Lemons said, “We all knew not to
talk about the war in front of Grandpa.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
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Benton was known as a leader with his church, service
organizations, and in the community. He regularly visited shut-ins.</div>
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Lura- 1897-1956</div>
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Bill’s mother was 38 years old when he was killed. One cannot
imagine the emotion she experienced with two sons and a son-in-law gone to war.
Lura had given birth to two daughters and three sons. Lura was a prolific
letter writer to her two sons who were gone to war. She wrote a letter every
night before going to bed. She died in 1956, eleven years after Bill. </div>
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Eunice 1921-1931</div>
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Bill’s sister, Eunice died at the age of 9 in 1931. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5IOxREeHJSs/VfLnWEZZDwI/AAAAAAAAF8I/dojM4RPACw4/s1600/2-3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5IOxREeHJSs/VfLnWEZZDwI/AAAAAAAAF8I/dojM4RPACw4/s400/2-3.png" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Front- Elizabeth and Eunice. Back- William and Lee.</td></tr>
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Elizabeth (Beth)- 1918-2010</div>
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Bill’s sister was 26 years old at the time of Bill’s death. Elizabeth
married Robert Arnold in 1937. Elizabeth had her two brothers and her husband,
Bob Arnold fighting in WWII. In the spring of 1945, she lost both her husband
and her brother. There is a gripping account of her father taking a bus to
Champaign where she was a student to tell her of the loss of her husband.
Courageously the push to publish the letters from Bill came from Elizabeth. Elizabeth
wrote the “Introduction” and “Forward” to go with the letters. Elizabeth later
married Thomas Lemons in 1951. They had two children- Steven and Mary.</div>
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Major Bob Arnold- 1912-1945</div>
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Bill’s brother-in-law had married Elizabeth in 1937. Bob
served in the medical corp. Bob regularly visited the Dutch family, the Goettgens.
He had instructed his driver if he was killed to let this family know. The
family has continued to maintain the graves of both Bob and Bill at Margraten.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dj9GQmjQPsM/VfLnXWhqNiI/AAAAAAAAF8c/izq59OaGS8I/s1600/2-4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dj9GQmjQPsM/VfLnXWhqNiI/AAAAAAAAF8c/izq59OaGS8I/s400/2-4.png" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Elizabeth in 1948 at the grave of Robert Arnold in Holland.</td></tr>
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Lee- 1923- 2007</div>
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Lee was 22 years old at the time of Bill’s death. Lee was in
the 2<sup>nd</sup> Division of the U.S. Marines during World War II. He fought
in Asia in the Marianas Campaign in Saipan and Tinian. In the letters home,
Bill frequently takes brotherly jabs at Lee and the U.S. Marines. Son, Brian
says, “Typical of a lot of veterans, Dad never really talked much about being
in combat.” Lee married Patricia Bird while stationed in Ann Arbor after the
war. They had four children- Lawrence (deceased), Shirley (deceased), Brian, and Karen (Conway).</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qrsz-TiSPVw/VfLnXrZBgBI/AAAAAAAAF8U/SpRGsTcoEVI/s1600/2-5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qrsz-TiSPVw/VfLnXrZBgBI/AAAAAAAAF8U/SpRGsTcoEVI/s400/2-5.png" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lee in his Marine uniform.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xRR1Sgibb10/VfLnY1b7vCI/AAAAAAAAF8g/NZpmddFObiw/s1600/2-6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xRR1Sgibb10/VfLnY1b7vCI/AAAAAAAAF8g/NZpmddFObiw/s400/2-6.png" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pat and Lee after WWII.</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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Benton (“BC Jr”, “Benny”, “Jr”)- 1932-2012</div>
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Benny, Bill’s youngest brother was 12 when Bill died. In his
letters home, he refers to young Benton with multiple nicknames. Ben became a
third generation veterinarian. In one of life’s ironies, Ben moved to
Galesburg, where Bill had lived before enlistment. Bill taught in Galesburg,
and Ben went on to be elected to the Galesburg School Board. Bill’s last
address as a civilian was within a block of what became Ben’s vet office. Ben
married Ruth Large. They had four children- Amy (Massey), Curt, Amanda
(Robertson), and Brad (deceased).</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3q5ioMMJz9w/VfLnbj3ZgeI/AAAAAAAAF8o/zbblQTgvAhc/s1600/2-7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3q5ioMMJz9w/VfLnbj3ZgeI/AAAAAAAAF8o/zbblQTgvAhc/s400/2-7.png" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William and Benny outside the Alta farm house. This was right<br />
before William left for Europe- his last time at the farm house.</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-65693155603087211072015-09-11T07:29:00.007-07:002015-09-11T11:48:29.867-07:00Chapter 3- The Actor<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Actor<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“He works harder than any man whom I have ever known—and gets less done.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Bill Allen describing his college
director in a letter to a friend.</div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
(From <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library,
Galesburg, Illinois.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
After graduating from Dunlap High
School, William Allen chose to attend Knox College in near-by Galesburg,
Illinois. Bill’s grandfather and father both attended veterinary school. Mable
Allen, Bill’s aunt was a professor at Illinois State University. Bill’s cousin,
Willadell Allen had attended Knox College. She may have had an influence on
Bill’s choice.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
It would seem Bill, as the oldest
son in the family, would be going to college to train to become a third
generation veterinarian. Perhaps some of Bill’s independent nature shows in his
choice to go into teaching and his focus on drama. But his interest in drama did
have family roots. His father, Benton, had actually participated in community
plays. But it would appear the major influence on Bill was his Aunt Mable. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />
Mable Allen was in the early part
of her career teaching drama and directing plays at Illinois State University.
From the letters Bill wrote to Mable during WWII, it is obvious Bill and Mable
had a special relationship. She appears to have been his counselor and
confidant. He entrusted her with descriptions and with feelings he shared with
no one else. There was definitely a bond and a trust in their relationship.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
In the letters to Mabel, Bill
shares at great length their common interest in plays, literature, and movies.
From the battlefield, Bill takes the time to analyze characters and plots with
Mable. As one reads the letters, it is easy to believe Aunt Mable may well have
been Bill’s mentor when it came to his academic interests, and later his career
plans. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
While it is unknown why Bill chose
to attend Knox College, he had an older cousin who had just graduated from Knox
College. Willadell Allen graduated from Knox College in 1934, and Bill
graduated from Dunlap HS in 1935. After graduating Willadell went on to be a
school teacher. She was Dean of Girls at Maine Township High School in Park
Ridge, Illinois. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
Willadell graduated from Knox
College in 1934, the same year as my mother, Marjorie Evans. In the 1930’s the
number of women attending college was still significantly lower than men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to the Dept. of Education,
only 13% of women high school grads in the 1930’s went on to get college
degrees. So in general, it might be assumed Bill’s cousin was a woman of some
level of independence. Majorie Evans described “Willie” as “independent and
progressive woman for the 1930’s.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Bill’s brother, Benny confirmed that indeed Willadell was definitely a
non-conformist, “Willadell was the first woman I ever saw who wore pants, and
who smoked cigarettes in public.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether Willadell had any influence on
Bill’s choice to attend Knox, she would have provided a model of free thinking.
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
Bill Allen was extremely active in
Knox theatre productions. Looking through the Knox Student (school paper) and
The Gale (school yearbook), theatre played a significant role on the Knox
campus. There multiple plays each semester. The Knox Student had weekly columns
devoted to Knox theatre which usually were placed in a prominent position in
the newspaper, and the columns were usually fairly long. The role of student
theatre in the 1930’s may well be attributed to it being before TV and
widespread movies. Whatever the reasons, theatre appears to have been pretty
big on the campus.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
The Gale in 1939 recap of the Knox
theatre highlights the accomplishments for four senior students, Bill being one
of the four. The Gale says, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Bill and
John started backstage and gradually drifted into acting for which the Theatre
can well be grateful on both counts. Bill… the actor par excellence. He has
played every imaginable character part and spent so much time in the makeup
room putting on grease paint he could claim it almost as his own. The Theatre
pessimist, he never thought a performance any good and had to be persuaded, and
yet he continually tried out for the next one.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
It appears Bill was not just active
in theater, he must have been very talented. The Knox Student had two separate
reviews of Bill’s work. In the first they said, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“As the young biology professor and aid to the plot we find bill Allen,
the character man of many previous Knox productions. As Walter Beckett, Bill
has the youngest part that he has ever attempted. If his work this time is at
all comparable to that of the Hobo in “Winterset”, Mr. Blanquet in “Bird in
Hand,” the old actor in “Trelawney,” the deceived father in “The Shrew,” it
will be more than adequate. He was elected to Curtain Call last year as one
deserving meritorious recognition for his theatre work.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
At the end of his college acting
career, The Knox Student summed up his career as follows, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“William G. Allen first rose to fame as the hobo in “Winterset,” when
crawled out from the corner with “I gotta piece of bread.” Perhaps one of his
funniest roles was that of Mr. Blanquet in “Bird in Hand.” In “The Taming of
the Shrew” he more than made up for the shortage of men by acting the three
parts of lord, a tailor, and Vincentio. His last two Dr. Randall in “Stage
Door” and Mr. Foster in “Kind Lady,” have been very good. He worked backstage
as assistant stage manager in “Julius Caesar,” “Personal Appearance,” “The
Bishop Misbehaves,” “Winterset,” and “Good News.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
In December of 1938, in his senior
year, Bill sums up life as a drama student as he wrote a letter to a recent
Knox alum, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Speaking of rehearsal, and
you know I always do that eventually, our man King still thinks that he’s in a
professional theatre. Seven nights a week from seven thirty until ___ and all
day Sunday. He works harder than any man whom I have ever known—and gets less
done. We have two A.M. dress rehearsals, and then the second scene set is not
completed until after the curtain goes up the first night of performance. After
two shows, need I explain where my index (grade point average) has gone this
semester.” </i>He later in this letter tells his class load is- English Literature,
Browning’s Poetry, American History, American Government, Tudor English
History, Teaching of English Composition, and English Honors. Bill Allen was a
busy man!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
It appears Bill filled many roles
in the theatre. He played a variety of different types of characters as well as
being a stage manager. It is impressive he evidently sometimes not only acted a
part but at the same time was the stage manager for the play. And when they
were short actors, in one play he had three different parts. This “get the job
done” type of attitude certainly seems evidenced in his letters during WWII.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
Bill’s active roll had to have been
a source of pride to his family. The Peoria paper had mentions when Bill was
selected for a part in a play. Either Knox had a tremendous PR staff or the proud
parents in Alta got the news in the paper. While roads were all back roads in
the 1930’s, with Alta only 40 miles from Knox College, one can envision Benton
and Lura Allen heading to Knox with teenage Lee and a 4-5 year old Benny.
Although they may not have chosen to go into acting, there had to be a pride in
their big brother. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
Debate societies took on a
significant role on the Knox campus in the 1930’s. The societies were somewhere
between fraternities and classrooms in their role. They were part social and
part debate training. Bill was a member of Gnothautii Literary Society. His
senior year the group included 11 male students and 9 female students. Bill
supervised the programs which included speeches, actual debates, and informal
discussions. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
It appears these meetings gave
students an opportunity to sharpen their speaking and debating skills, examine
issues of the day, and just have fun. The mixed nature of the societies is
shown in The Gale write up in 1939, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Mildred
Nelson and Robert Seibert debated in the Founders’ Day Debate on the subject,
“Resolved: Knox College Made a Mistake in Admitting Women.” The debate proved
very amusing to the large audience, but the judges failed to reach a decision,
due to a fatal schism in their ranks.” <o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<br />
Bill’s active role in Knox theatre
shows he was talented in this area, he was reliable, and he must have had a
good work ethic. His role in the Gnothautii Literary Society illustrates that
he was respected by his peers for his leadership ability, he was intellectually
capable, and he had to have the ability to think on his feet as he led these
discussions. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
On the following pages, there are
pictures from The Gale, which is the yearbook of Knox College. Because of how
the yearbooks were published at this time, information about his junior year
appears in the 1939 yearbook, and then for his senior year appears in the 1940
yearbook- all one year behind. </div>
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Bill’s Junior Year (1939 Knox Gale), </div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Special Collections and Archives, Knox College
Library, Galesburg, Illinois.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Bill’s Senior Year, (The Knox Gale 1940)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Special Collections and
Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Bill’s Senior Year, (The Knox Gale 1940)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Special Collections and
Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Bill’s Junior Year (1939 Knox Gale), </div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Special Collections and Archives, Knox College
Library, Galesburg, Illinois.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Bill’s Senior Year, (The Knox Gale 1940)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Special Collections and
Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">On the following pages are
a copy of a letter from Bill Allen written to John De Novo. It is written from
his Seymour Hall dorm room in December of his senior year. John graduated in
1938 and is in grad school in Minnesota at the time the letter is written. John
would later return as a Knox professor. The letter provides insight into Bill’s
wit and the nature of college life at Knox College in 1938. The letter is from
Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois. (It
should be noted that the note on the envelope referring to Bill’s death at the
Battle of the Bulge had to have been written by someone in the Archives. It is
not accurate that he died at the Battle of the Bulge- he died later in Germany.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-X2QxZSxEozA/VfLrgKADpzI/AAAAAAAAF9Q/1oNPIVdsF8M/s1600/3-6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="338" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-X2QxZSxEozA/VfLrgKADpzI/AAAAAAAAF9Q/1oNPIVdsF8M/s640/3-6.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pz6RFlc3nrU/VfLrWkFhkbI/AAAAAAAAF8w/hOMgioKR_OY/s1600/3-10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pz6RFlc3nrU/VfLrWkFhkbI/AAAAAAAAF8w/hOMgioKR_OY/s640/3-10.png" width="532" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-91033013135246593122015-09-11T07:29:00.004-07:002015-09-11T11:51:37.580-07:00Chapter 4- The Editor<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Editor<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“If American civilization is to progress, there must
always be maintained that group of communists, socialists, radicals, or what
you will, who disagree with the flag-waving, speech-making, oath-taking, DAR
type of organization made up of ‘citizens’ who pay their servants and employees
ten cents per hour and spend money putting up silk flags in churches and
schools.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Bill Allen in an
editorial on February 23, 1939 in the Knox Student</div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
(From <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library,
Galesburg, Illinois.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
In the introduction to “Dear
Folks,” his sister Elizabeth writes, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“He
died as he lived believing in a greater freedom of thought and action, greater
tolerance and human understanding.” </i>As you read Bill’s letters, it is
obvious he held strong beliefs, was willing to take a stand for his beliefs, and
was committed to making the world a better place. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
In Bill’s letters from the War, it
is clear he was not blindly patriotic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had developed a strong set of values connected with the ideals of
freedom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Bill was boarding
the ship to go to Europe, a band was playing. He commented, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“We were met at the pier by one of the few bands
that I’ve seen in the army (thank goodness, for you know what I think of flag
waving music!) and we were greeted with not the ‘Star Spangled Banner’ or even
‘God Bless America,’ but such swing classics as the ‘One O’Clock<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jump.’ The performance was marred only
as it changed to the ‘Army Air Corps’ song just before we went up the
gangplank. To the infantry that was sacrilegious.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bill Allen was an American patriot, but
his view of patriotism was centered around the importance of freedom of
thought, independent thinking, and willingness to challenge authority. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />
Early in the War, Bill writes to
his parents, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“I am also convinced that
even though it is a true statement that ‘War is Hell, ’and this one even more
so than any other that I am still a member of the best fed, clothed, and
equipped army that has ever taken to the field. And come from me, who still am
as much opposed to the system as ever, you know that it must be the truth. Also
know that come what may I still am convinced in my own mind that I have done
the right thing all the way along the line.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
In our era it is challenging to
understand why this free spirit would choose in his fifth year as a teacher to
leave and join the military. Yes, it was a different time but Bill Allen still
did not fit the profile of a soldier.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Records and writing during Bill’s college years provide us insight into
this American patriot.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
In choosing to go to Knox College,
he chose to go to a school with a history of independent thinking. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->In 1837 Knox was founded by a small group of
people who were abolitionists. This was certainly not a mainstream belief in
America at the time.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->In 1858 in the 5<sup>th</sup> debate of
Lincoln-Douglas at Knox, Lincoln felt comfortable with the Knox audience to
make one of his earliest statements in regards to slavery.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Knox chose to admit and give to degrees to
females in the 19<sup>th</sup> century before most schools. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->At the turn of the century, S.S. McClure and
John Phillips graduated from Knox, and then together founded the McClure
Magazine. Irving Franz in A History of Mass Communication credits it with
starting the tradition of muckraking journalism. Their magazine was one of the
first to write about Standard Oil and later US Steel.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->In 1953 after a fraternity admitted an
African-American, their national organization disbanded the fraternity. The
Knox administration stepped in and helped the fraternity stay together and
develop as an independent fraternity.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->In 1970 during the era of Vietnam protests, a
group of Knox students took over Old Main. Included in the group was John Podesta
who later went on to be Chief of Staff for President Bill Clinton. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
Whether the events I have listed
are simply isolated examples or illustrations of a pattern, Knox College
through the years would like to be thought of as an institution which promoted
independent and critical thinking. Like many colleges, Knox may tend to be more
liberal than their alumni and the community. So often you have students who
feel the school is not as open to change and free thinking as it should be, while
the alumni may see the school as being too open to change and free thinking. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Bill, as the editor of the Knox
Student, gets involved in the politics of the campus, but also becomes effected
by some<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of the politics of the
nation. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Following the Russian Revolution,
the Red Scare had challenged free speech in America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the case of Schenck vs. U.S. in 1919, Justice Oliver Wendell
Holmes, Jr., said that the government was justified in silencing free speech
when there is a ‘clear and present danger’ to the nation. (America by Cayton,
2002, p.342) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
But for many students in the 1920’s
and 1930’s, socialism and communism became concepts worth examination. Joseph
P. Lash was the leader of the American Student Union in the 1930’s. The
American Student Union was an attempt to bring together the many different
students groups together as one. In a speech entitled, The Student Movements of
the 1930’s, Lash reflected, ”These student groups were primarily groups of
study and inquiry…”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(The Student
Movements of the 1930’s, Joseph P.Lash, Eleanor Roosevelt Library (Website-Student
Activism of the 1930’s) There was a movement on college campuses to examine
socialism and communism. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
In the midst of the intellectual
curiosity about socialism, the U.S. experienced the Stock Market Crash in 1929.
This caused many Americans to question our government and obviously our
economic system. According to Lash, this caused a real sense of both
questioning and activism on the American college campuses in the 1930’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“The
emphasis was less on ethics and the emancipation of the spirit and more on the
politics of doing something about the problems immediately in front of us.
There was a greater readiness on the part of students to take to militant
activity. If you got into a fight with the Administration, you organized a
picket line outside of the Dean's office you almost looked for trouble, because
you felt that the Administration represented the Boards of Trustees and the
Boards of Trustees represented corporate wealth, and corporate wealth was
responsible for the fix in which the country was found, and therefore it didn't
matter the issue on which you picked a fight with the Administration, in the
end that fight was justified. Perhaps I am almost caricaturing it, but that
gives you something of the flavor of it, of the thing.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>(The Student Movements of the
1930’s, Joseph P.Lash, Eleanor Roosevelt Library (Website-Student Activism of
the 1930’s)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
So Bill Allen was the editor of the
school paper at a school which philosophically encouraged free thought, and at
a time in which Americans in general and college students in particular were
questioning the basic structures of our society. With remnants of the Red Scare
still in America, a person who questioned things too much might become labeled
as a communist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is in this
environment Bill writes as an editor of the Knox Student. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
An issue which becomes at the
center of Bill’s work as editor are mandatory Chapels. According to Knox
historian, Owen Muelder, Knox had daily chapels in the 1800’s which were
religious in nature. Owen says at some point in the early 1900’s although they
kept the word “Chapel”, they began to be more lectures by either Knox professors
or visiting professors. In the 1934 Knox Student, it indicates Chapels were
mandatory and held three times per week. It appears by Bill’s senior year in
1939, Chapels were held at Beecher Chapel once per week. Chapels were still
mandatory but creative students seemed to develop methods to avoid attendance
on occasions.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
In the winter of 1938-9 (Bill’s
senior year), Knox had famous advertising giant, Hill Blackett come speak at a
Chapel. The students were required to attend. Hill was a giant in radio
advertising, he actually is considered responsible for the term “soap operas”,
for his attaching soap ads to the afternoon radio dramas. His connection to
Knox may have been through Knox alum, Earnest Elmo Calkins who had just retired
as a major player in the national advertising world.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Hill Blackett was one of the main
organizers of the Alf Landon (Republican) campaign in 1936 vs. Roosevelt.
Later, Blackett allegedly was involved in attempts to build public sentiment
against the New Deal. He encouraged store owners to have chalk boards in the
front of their stores where they could list the actual price of items, the tax
on the item, and then the total price. The point was to show the consumer the
cost of government taxes. (The Southeast Missourian, Sept. 8, 1936)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
Blackett was followed up at Knox by
a speech by someone from the National Association of Manufactors. According to
Barton St. John in “Press Professionalization and Propaganda,” (2010), NAM
attempted in the 1930’s to promote the values of capitalism while combating the
policies of the New Deal as well as undermining organized labor. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
This set of back to back speakers
at the mandatory Chapels was evidently too much for some of the students.
Bill’s first appearance in the Knox Student with an opinion involved a letter
to the editor on January 12, 1939. Four students wrote letters to the editor in
which they were upset with the speaker at the last Chapel. Bill Allen, Robert
Seibert, and George Durako were all members of the Gnothautii Literary Society.
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bill
starts his letter with the comment, “… the policy of this college to line
itself up with the Liberty League.” The Liberty League was founded in the early
‘30’s as an organization to oppose Roosevelt and the New Deal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bill Allen goes on to say that after
these two speakers, “Even the DAR might have been unable to stomach this cross
section of Americanism.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In Bill’s
letter, he claims Knox has tried to “educate a student for four years on the
use the five smooth stones.” His analogy is coming from David and Goliath. The
inference would be Knox had encouraged them to use their education as stones to
take on and challenge the world, yet Bill and the other writers are concerned
with the mandatory nature of the Chapels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Chapels are attacked most humorously by David Hamm who says, “I will
defend forever his right to speak, but I simply cannot sleep in one of those
pews.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cVX-SDOMWMQ/VfMId2ob8kI/AAAAAAAAF-g/J_8uI7kFn9E/s1600/4-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cVX-SDOMWMQ/VfMId2ob8kI/AAAAAAAAF-g/J_8uI7kFn9E/s1600/4-1.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">From </span><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg,
Illinois.</span><!--EndFragment-->
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Knox
Student Editor,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>James A. Campbell,
felt the need to write an editorial explaining his decision to put the four
letters in the paper the week before. He starts his editorial by addressing
“those who are not enrolled at Knox,” an apparent reference to either Knox
alumni or people in the community. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The editor twice feels the need to identify
himself as a Republican. Criticism must have been pointed and personal after
the letters. As he discusses the letters, his comment is, “… this ‘red’ editor
allowed the signed student letters to be printed in their own newspaper as a
protest to an insult to both student and faculty intelligence.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mr. Campbell goes on in his editorial
to say something needs to be done about the mandatory chapels. (The following
editorial is </span>from <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Special
Collections and Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This would be James Campbell’s last editorial
for the Knox Student. It is reported he is dropping his position to focus on
pre-med course work. It is announced his replacement for the remainder of the year
will be William Allen from Alta. Thursday, Jan. 26, it was announced that Bill
was the new editor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The following article is </span>from Special
Collections and Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After Bill’s letter to the
editor, The Knox Board of Publications had to have had an idea of what it was
getting into selecting Bill to be the new editor. In the past months, before
Bill took over, The Knox Student editorials had been :</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>Oct
6- <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“Tap Room at Custer Off Limits”, written
by Dean Charles Adamee-</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Oct
13-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Sad Commentary on Knox”
(Addressing few students at lecture series.)<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Nov
3- <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Salute
To Visiting Coe College Football Coach</div>
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Nov 10- Veterans Day salute to
ROTC- (It mentions preparedness is saving lives.)</div>
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Nov 17- Appreciation for 9 year old
water boy for the football team</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Dec 1, Dec 8- Ice Rink needed on
campus</div>
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Jan 12- Praise for the Knox
basketball team</div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(From Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library,
Galesburg, Illinois.)</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Knox
Student was headed for an exciting spring with Bill as the editor. His first
two editorials went away from the topic of the mandatory chapels. On February
9, “Through Hell to Paradise”, looked at fraternities and hell weeks. His
second editorial on February 16, “Club Knox”, scolded the students for their
misuse of social areas in Seymour Hall.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(The following editorrials from the Knox Student
are </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">from Special
Collections and Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.)</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the
Knox Student, some editorials are unsigned and some editorials bare the
signature of a particular student. The unsigned editorials would be either
written personally by William Allen as editorial, or could be written by his
editorial board and approved by him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">During
this time, the issue of The Chapel continued to develop on campus. From the
earlier letters, it is apparent the issue of the Chapel being mandatory and the
apparent choice of like-minded conservative speakers were also issues. But
another concern of the students was that the college wanted them to take a
citizenship oath. For Bill Allen, this was viewed as attack on his freedoms and
on the principles of free thought which he felt Knox stood for. So on February
23, Bill wrote, “Why So Proudly We Hail.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
editorial is obviously upset with the Chapel’s. The editorial starts by
referring to the Knox College Catologue as a “masterpiece of academic
dishonesty.” Chapel topics are said to be determined with input from students,
and the students are not being given a chance for input.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“Why So
Proudly We Hail,” is concerned not just about the past Chapel topics but the
next Chapel. The topic of the next Chapel will be, “Responsibilities of
Citizenship,” and delivered by Professor John Conger. Bill is concerned the
topic sounds like this “…this seems to smack of being another DAR, Rotary,
Trustee, or Tribune sponsored piece of propaganda.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bill
takes issue with the need for a “citizenship oath,” and states his view of
“being a good citizen.” Bill states his clear vision of what would make Knox
College and our nation strong, “…government that is based upon the principle of
freedom of opinion.” This theme is expressed throughout Bill’s editor days at
Knox, and comes up numerous times in his letters home from Europe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bill’s
feels strongly about the importance of dissent. He states, “We thank God that
ours is not ‘one nation indivisible.’” And then continues, ”If American
civilization is to progress, there must always be maintained that group of
communists, socialists, radicals, or what you will, who disagree with the
flag-waving, speech-making, oath-taking, DAR type of organization made up of
‘citizens’ who pay their servants and employees ten cents per hour and spend
money putting up silk flags in churches and schools.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Knox
appears to have known what it was doing, having chosen Dr. John Conger to
deliver this chapel speech as emotions were running high. In 1934 when students
had walked out of a Chapel because a speaker was late, the next Chapel Dr.
Conger was trotted out to calm things down. Clearly Dr. Conger had the respect
of the students. </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(From
Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.)</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It would
appear Professor Conger’s speech provided the students with “intelligence and
dignity.” But the speech concluded by asking students to take an oath of
citizenship. It is unclear but inferred several times that an oath of
citizenship may have been part of some earlier Chapel’s. The nature of Conger’s
oath is never analyzed by Bill or any of the newspaper staff. It is entirely
possible Dr. </span><br />
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Conger may have chosen to ask the students to recite a citizenship
oath less on flag waving and more on involvement. The following is the report
as it appeared in the Knox Student on March 9, 1939. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(From Special Collections and
Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.)</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Dn6etWk-Nt0/VfMKdXDo8EI/AAAAAAAAGAQ/fjjF305DZ3Y/s1600/4-17.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Dn6etWk-Nt0/VfMKdXDo8EI/AAAAAAAAGAQ/fjjF305DZ3Y/s400/4-17.png" width="232" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FTZqQBqJpjM/VfMKeZmjdSI/AAAAAAAAGAg/Svr5YSKiLKE/s1600/4-19.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FTZqQBqJpjM/VfMKeZmjdSI/AAAAAAAAGAg/Svr5YSKiLKE/s400/4-19.png" width="241" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Also in
the March 9 edition of the Knox Student, the newspaper and Bill Allen chose to
answer critics. The combination of the original letter to the editor, and Bill’s
Februrary 23 editorial (Why So Proudly We Hail) must have upset some people. In
the March 9 editorial, it is mentioned, “Since it was revealed in last week’s
chapel that we are Communistic…” There is no mention of this controversy in the
Knox Student’s coverage. It would seem to be out of character based on other
statements about and by Dr. Conger. The best guess is that another professor
must have had a chapel speech during leading up to this editorial.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bill’s
statement in the earlier editorial, “… there must be maintained that group of
communists, socialists, radicals…” might have been the trigger that produced a
speaker to label the paper as being communistic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The response describing “our communistic platform,” uses
some of the tame topics The Knox Student had dealt with in editorials earlier
in the year, such as Hotel Custer Tap Room being off limits and need for a
campus ice rink. </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(From
Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.)</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bill took
a break from the Chapel issues with his March 23 editorial on the role of
sports in colleges. One cannot help but wonder how Bill would have felt that
Knox after WW2 built a new gym as “Memorial Gym,” to honor WW2 soldiers, but
did not build a center for fine arts for another ten years. It probably would
not have been in line with his priorities for Knox.</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(From Special Collections and
Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.)</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XnF2YX8W1Rg/VfMKiN7ws7I/AAAAAAAAGBA/nFC1IlYsOUw/s1600/4-22.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XnF2YX8W1Rg/VfMKiN7ws7I/AAAAAAAAGBA/nFC1IlYsOUw/s640/4-22.png" width="364" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Although
it was not done every year, many years before 1939, The Knox Student had an April
Fool’s edition. The tradition continued with the Knox Student into the 2000’s.
In fact, Knox grads who started a local paper (The Zephyr) in Galesburg in the
1990’s had an April Fool’s edition also. March 30, 1939 served as the “April
Fool’s” edition for Bill Allen’s paper. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
banner headline of the paper read, “Student Editor Victim of Bombing.” The
sub-heading read, “Communist Activity of Student Editor Results in Bombing.” It
is such an irony of the times that Bill Allen would have a “pretend death”
described in the newspaper attributed to his being unpatriotic, and in just
over six years the Galesburg Register Mail would describe his actual death
after fighting as a patriot for his country. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(From Special Collections and Archives, Knox College
Library, Galesburg, Illinois.)</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
article says, “… the deceased will lie in state at Whiting Hall. Bill spent
much of his time at the “Castle,” so the college believes that the girls
deserve a last look at him.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Whiting Hall was the dormitory for female students, and its nickname was
the “Castle.” The entire front page is filled with humorous April Fools
stories. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(From Special
Collections and Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.)</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Another April
Fool’s satire- From the positive views many students have expressed in The Knox
Student toward Dr. Conger, it is likely this article is likely satirically
looking at one of their favorites and suggesting he is aligned with people he
would not choose to align with. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the April
Fool’s editorial, they pose that a new staff has taken over. But they promise
they will continue the “Yellow Journalism”, of the past editor. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(From Special Collections and
Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.)</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After the
April Fool’s edition, the paper’s attacks on the Chapel program quieted. It was
not until May 4, 1939 an editorial again addressed the topic. This time there
is praise for the speaker. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(From Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg,
Illinois.)</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The last
editorial of Bill Allen appeared in The Knox Student in late May, 1939. It was
entitled, “It Was A Hard Race But (?).” His writing style allows him to
effectively challenge Knox College to strive to be what it claimed to be. One
of his great lines is, “We really should advocate that the spirit of Abraham
Lincoln be given its much deserved rest while the college educates a new president.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In closing when he expresses about the
Board of Publications, “What would we have done without them?” We can only
speculate if this a statement of praise or of sarcasm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(From Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library,
Galesburg, Illinois.)</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It Was A Hard Race But (?)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In spite
of the resistence which one thinks that he built up during his four years of
college training, probably every graduate will weaken to the occasion and
become somewhat sentimental at commencement. He will forget the disappointments
and disillusions of his college days: the let down after rush week, the first
grading period, the fact that the “View Book” didn’t entirely come to life, and
even the poor meals he thought he was getting at the halls.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Probably the last editorial should be the climax
of a semester’s efforts. We really should outline our program for the ideal
Knox of the future- a program designed to keep Knox at all times a Mecca for
scholars and never let it become an asylum for the intellectual orphans. We
really should advocate that the spirit of Abraham Lincoln be given its much
deserved rest while the college educates a new president. We should continue
our program for making fraternities on the campus secondary rather than primary
in the student’s interest. A month ago a very “sizzling” editorial could have
been written for the continuance of freedom of speech and press on the campus
in order to allow students to hear all sides of the question and then work out
their own political and social problems for themselves.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But today, as the end of our college career
approaches, we find that we, too, are blinded by the roses on the platform, and
it is impossible to drag again the old skeleton out of the closet. So we are
going to satisfy those many idealistic opponents of ours and say something
really nice about someone.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Any possible success which The Student may have
obtained during the past semester has been due entirely to a very enthusiastic,
willing, and faithful staff. We could wish no surer success to the editors in
the future than that they have assistants like Bob Giles and Bev Bender. Both
have been on hand every week and have devoted many patient hours of their time
in order that we might make the weekly deadline with enough material and
headlines to fill the necessary space. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We hate to rely on the old cliché that “space
does not permit giving credit to all those deserving mention.” However, that
seems to explain the situation. Bob Siebert has always been on hand and willing
to do everything from giving editorial advice to reading proofs. Marion
Lambert, May Louise Porter, Dorothy Rice, Dick Burkhardt, and Dave Nixon, to
mention only a few, have written more than their share of copy. If we ever
needed a big story well written Ginny Mae Hughes was always willing no matter
how close to the deadline we were. And then there was—but read the names of the
staff. They are all there.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Then too, there is that ever present and willing
Board of Publications. What wouldn’t we have done without them?<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xc29_80w2qI/VfMMY4xYb9I/AAAAAAAAGCI/jYWhk1tAncI/s1600/4-34.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xc29_80w2qI/VfMMY4xYb9I/AAAAAAAAGCI/jYWhk1tAncI/s640/4-34.png" width="450" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 20px; text-align: start;">(From Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wAi00naCdlU/VfMMZ77dziI/AAAAAAAAGCQ/8Kke6ZD4DHk/s1600/4-35.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wAi00naCdlU/VfMMZ77dziI/AAAAAAAAGCQ/8Kke6ZD4DHk/s640/4-35.png" width="454" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 20px; text-align: start;">(From Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-74267880591411630122015-09-11T07:29:00.002-07:002015-09-12T01:49:38.910-07:00Chapter 5- The Knox Experience<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Knox Experience<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 150%;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">“We thank God that ours is not ‘one nation
indivisible.’” </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Bill Allen in an
editorial on February 23, 1939 in the Knox Student</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
(From <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library,
Galesburg, Illinois.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is not easy to understand how someone was
willing to give up so much to join the Army. He was fifth year teacher in a
stable job, who did not have to go to the Army. He chose to enlist in the Army.
At first glance, his Knox years would seem to make his decision to join the
Army even more puzzling. But his writing during his Knox years may show how
Bill’s decision to join the Army was consistent with his Knox experience.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Did Knox change Bill Allen? I am sure most if
not all young people are changed by their college experiences. It is likely
Bill arrived as a political activist. It appears both his father (Benton) and
his grandfather (Walter) were politically involved. Bill’s letter to the editor
was not a family first. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Walter had a history of writing to the Peoria
Star to express his political beliefs. Walter by all accounts had strong
commitment to his politics. He was both a doctor and a veterinarian. He
delivered his grandson, Benton Charles Jr. Because he had a political
disagreement with the County Clerk, Walter refused to register the birth
certificate for some time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Was Bill a communist? He certainly appears to
have been labeled as a communist by several different people in the Knox
community. Even The Gale in describing his work as the editor, refers to the
paper as a “slightly red tinged paper.” And a professor in a campus Chapel
declared the paper had become communist. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his writing,
Bill never backs away from the “communist label.” It is entirely possible Bill
may have had interest in exploring communism or socialism. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">With the Russian Revolution, the Stock Market Crash, and the
New Deal all being pretty much contemporary events, it is understandable
college students would have discussed both socialism and communism. 1930’s
student activist, Joseph P. Lash, claimed much of the socialist movements on
college campuses were more intellectual curiosity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lash described students in the 1930’s by saying, “…by being a
Socialist, you in a sense were manifesting a skepticism.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(The Student Movements of the 1930’s,
Joseph P. Lash)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bill may well have enjoyed being labeled as
communist because it helped promote his belief in the importance of diversity
and of independent thinking. Based on his background, it is likely he was
liberal in his political beliefs and probably did find positive aspects to
socialism and communism. But what his exact political beliefs were is not
necessarily significant. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bill’s Knox education reveals significant
aspects of his personality and his character. He appears to have been the poster
child for the value of education at a small liberal arts school. He is
interested and taking classes in history, political science, drama, English,
literature, and Latin. He was not a man who chose to specialize. He appears to
have been intellectually curious.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">His writing shows he had strong, well thought
out beliefs. He had a vision of what both Knox College and America should be. The
recurring value he expresses is related to the importance of freedom. He talks
about freedom of speech, freedom of thought, and freedom of opinion. He values
the importance of independent thinking. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It would appear some Knox students, alumni, and
faculty thought by attaching the communist label, they could either discredit
Bill’s thoughts, or cause him to be less radical. It did not shut Bill up. Bill
chose to use the labeling as a way of promoting the importance of diversity of
thought and freedom. He is trying to say this is an ideal of Knox College and
an ideal of the United States. He was not lukewarm in his beliefs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And the most important point of this conflict is
that Bill Allen was not going to back down. It is clear he was willing to take
the tough and maybe the unpopular stand. He showed that if you believe in
something, you must stand up for that belief. In this case, the belief was not
communism. The belief was in the importance of the American ideal of freedom of
speech and freedom of opinion. And it might be argued what is more central to
the concept of freedom of opinion than American democracy. At Knox College in
1939, freedom was worth “fighting for” in the newspaper, it is not a surprise
that in 1943 Bill Allen would choose to join the Army to fight for freedom and
democracy in the U.S. Army.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bill Allen at Knox shows he was a leader. He was
not waiting for someone else to do things. In every area- theater, debate club,
student government, the newspaper- he did not just participate, he was a
leader. Clearly he was respected by his peers and recognized for his
ability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Based on the evidence to say Bill was a
communist or socialist would be speculative. Bill’s attacks during the Chapel
issue were attacks on speakers who were big business, anti-Roosevelt, and
anti-New Deal. While one might then guess he was pro-Roosevelt and pro-New Deal, trying to figure out his exact
political beliefs misses what is significant in his college writing. At the heart of his writing was the importance of freedom of thought, and the importance
of tolerance for diversity of thought. These were issues he was willing to stand up for as a college
student and to later fight for in the U.S. Army.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">My initial question was, “Did Knox College
change Bill Allen?” A better question is, “Did Bill Allen change Knox College?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9GkJPtV8Juk/VfMObzIY53I/AAAAAAAAGCY/VyNQY8Ej44w/s1600/5-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9GkJPtV8Juk/VfMObzIY53I/AAAAAAAAGCY/VyNQY8Ej44w/s640/5-1.png" width="456" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The senior page
for the graduates of 1939. (Gale 1940, </span><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(From Special Collections
and Archives, Knox College Library, Galesburg, Illinois.)</span><!--EndFragment-->
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-11464951250379544222015-09-11T07:28:00.007-07:002015-09-11T11:52:17.991-07:00Chapter 6- Galesburg High School Years<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Teacher<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“I think of you people often, and how much you did to make my months in
Galesburg among the happiest of my life. I’ll be back again some day....”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Bill Allen describing his teaching
days at Galesburg High School in a letter.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
After graduating from Knox College
in 1939, he got a job teaching in Fairview, Illinois. He was to teach English,
coach contest dramatics, and direct three plays per year. Bill taught at
Fairview for three years. In the fall of 1942, Bill went back to Galesburg, to
teach at Galesburg High School. GHS was located in downtown Galesburg. The
school was across the street from Knox’s Whiting Hall (girls dorm), and a block
from Seymour Hall where he resided during college. So in moving back to
Galesburg, he was in pretty familiar territory. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
As director of the plays at
Galesburg, he would have had many more potential students than he had in
Fairview. By all accounts in The Budget (GHS newspaper) and The Reflector (GHS
yearbook), Bill was a popular teacher who attracted many students to
participate in drama. The Budget on November 18, 1943 in an article announcing
Bill was leaving wrote the following, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Under
Mr. Allen’s capable direction, the Senior High theatre has become one of the
most popular extracurricular activities with the students.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Bill obviously had an impact on his
students. In the cast list of the GHS plays is a young man named Jack Brooking.
Brooking in 1952 would write an article in the Galesburg Register-Mail about
Jack’s memories of Bill.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Bill directed his last play in the
winter of 1943. The play was Charles Dickens’ Christmas Carol. He originally
was going to enter the Navy, but he wanted to stay to direct this last play.
Because of this decision to wait, he instead had to go into the Army.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
In his eulogy of Bill in 1945,
Supt. of Schools in Galesburg said the following of Bill’s decision to leave
teaching to join the Army. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Bill Allen,
the teacher and dramatic coach, loved his chosen field of work. He was an
artist, creative, and imaginative. He enjoyed working with high school youth
and with his colleagues. The War in all of its horrible aspects came as an
awful shock to Bill’s finer nature and how could it be otherwise? He believed
in the true and the beautiful. There was nothing in the world of the military
that appealed to anything in his sensitive nature. Yet an inner voice would not
let Bill rest and many times, when visiting in my office, he would reveal the
conviction that he must enter the fight.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
After Bill joined the Army, in one
of his first letters home, he described the importance of the teaching
profession. He wrote the following on Christmas Day in 1943 from Georgia, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“I, personally and selfishly, can’t help be
a little excited about what is ahead of me; but, even if I didn’t realize it in
civilian life, I know now that this is not the place where I could serve my
country best. It breaks my heart to discover the misguided and warped attitudes
of a majority of the men here. I know that this is the only way to get the
immediate job done, but somewhere in civilian life these boys should have been
indoctrinated with the fundamental truths upon which the institutions that we
are defending are based. In this respect, the teacher is the important cog and
somewhere along the line, it appears to me that a great many of us have failed.
What I can now accomplish with my trigger finger is as nothing compared with
the work that people like Paul and John are doing. And that is a very sincere
statement on my part!”<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
After graduating from Knox College,
Bill had begun taking some courses in summers at Northwestern University. His
employment records from Galesburg High School indicate he had earned close to a
master’s degree in speech. In his letters to his Aunt Mabel, he indicates he
may have switched studies at Northwestern and have been studying law. We will
never what direction Bill’s career would have taken had he returned after World
War II. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
In a letter to his Aunt Mabel on
November 12, 1944, Bill expresses how war has changed him. He expresses his
doubts about returning to teaching. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“We all do a lot of planning for the
future and I’ve done a lot of thinking along that line myself. I fear that I’ll
never be able to go back to the classroom and earn my living there again. I
might even like to pick up my law career where it left me, if too much time
does not elapse before I can put on a red necktie and go bareheaded
again.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">The following is a letter written
in the summer of 1939. Bill had graduated from Knox College and was living at
home in Alta before starting his first teaching job in Fairview in the fall of
1939. This letter is to an old college friend.</span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
(From <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Special Collections and Archives, Knox College Library,
Galesburg, Illinois.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v1swYLA7z9I/VfMRHE2ADtI/AAAAAAAAGCk/rUPtWLxSAbo/s1600/6-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v1swYLA7z9I/VfMRHE2ADtI/AAAAAAAAGCk/rUPtWLxSAbo/s640/6-1.png" width="469" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wyjZbFQ1jsw/VfMRdzWIziI/AAAAAAAAGD0/b4Uxnj_FqII/s1600/6-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wyjZbFQ1jsw/VfMRdzWIziI/AAAAAAAAGD0/b4Uxnj_FqII/s640/6-2.png" width="434" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Five New Teachers Join Faculty </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>of Galesburg High School This Year</b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5mbMoFL98xk/VfMRgAl72pI/AAAAAAAAGD8/kMvTnXhk3hg/s1600/6-4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5mbMoFL98xk/VfMRgAl72pI/AAAAAAAAGD8/kMvTnXhk3hg/s640/6-4.png" width="318" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
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In September of 1942, The Budget (GHS newspaper) reports
there are five new teachers at GHS.</div>
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From the 1943 Reflector (GHS Yearbook).</div>
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From the 1943 Reflector (GHS Yearbook).</div>
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Review of Tons of Money as it appreared in the GHS Budget
(student newspaper)</div>
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From the 1943 GHS Reflector.</div>
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<!--StartFragment--><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Bill’s 1942 Christmas card, sent to friends,
students, and family</span><!--EndFragment-->
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From the 1943 GHS Reflector.</div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
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be noted this was for a play conducted by GHS students in the summer of 1943.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GHS
Players in Fine Performance Thursday Night<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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The Senior
High School Theater Summer Stock company under the direction of William G. Allen
attempted an ambitious piece on Thursday evening in the high school auditorium
with “Kind Lady” and came off with a very credible performance. The audience
was given a fore-warning of the sinister angle of the plot in the prologue
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The play started to build from the very beginning.
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The play is the product of Edward Chodorov and although now
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the part of the forty—or fifty—odd year old woman who finds herself through her
kindness a prisoner in her own home. Miss Barrow, while giving the part every
bit of drama it could take, nevertheless played with an intelligent restraint
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The other players in the cast were entirely adequate. Except
for the too-hurried action in the moving the fake-sick “Ada” to upstairs, the
performance was convincing and the comedy, well-handled. Audrey DeBois was the
half-wit accomplice of the conspirators afforded the comedy in the second and
third acts. Errolene Clark was excellent as the maid, rose. Bob Simmen, as
Henry Abbott, leader of the plot to get controlof Miss Herries’ fortune, had
the ability to get himself thoroughly disliked by the audience as he directed
Ada (Ethel Rogers), the doctor (Bill Leibovitz), Mr. Edwards (Richard Mawby),
Mrs. Edwards (Joan Middaugh) and Aggie (Audrey DeBois) in their nefarious work.
Carrie McLaughlin who was Lucy Weston opens the first act, and Barbara Bullis
and Ronald Carlson as Phyllis Gelenning and her American gance constituted the
relatives of Miss Herries. Gustav Rosenberg was portrayed by Rodney Harris. </div>
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As with all of Mr. Allen’s plays the action was fast and at
no time was there the ghastly lull which so often labels the amateur
performance. A very audible sigh was registered by the audience when Mr. Foster
failed to afll in with the conspirators in the last act, indicating the
audience was completely out of the war-torn world for two hours last night.</div>
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Miss Barrow’s excellent character work puts a new high on
Galesburg High School’s theater work and this evening’s performance naturally
will take on the veterans’ status for other performances.</div>
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From the 1944 Reflector.</div>
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November 18, 1943 in the GHS Budget.</div>
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December 2, 1943- The Budget review of Bill’s last play at GHS.</div>
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Bill’s last play, description from 1944 Reflector.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The following are his employments records at Galesburg High
School, which believe it or not are still on file with the school district. Records
indicate he started teaching in 1939-40 at Fairview for $1100, and his salary
increased to $1500 by his third year at Fairview. Moving to Galesburg, his
salary for 1942-3 jumped up to $1700. </div>
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The records show his first year he lived at 1062 N. Cherry
St. in Galesburg. It is believed he roomed in the house with the family of a
Knox professor. For the 1943-4 school year, he moved to duplex at 117 Maple St.
An irony is that the duplex was in sight within sight of the location his
brother, Ben, had his vet practice in Galesburg. The duplex was torn down in
2015.</div>
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At the bottom of the card is scribbled, “Resigned to enter
the service, killed in action April 1945.”</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
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<br /></div>
Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-36552871178377314652015-09-11T07:28:00.005-07:002015-09-11T12:55:43.280-07:00Chapter 7- The Soldier<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Soldier<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“I’m thinking of all the Christmases of the past and what the day has
always meant to our family. Partly because I’m sentimental and it’s such a hard
time of the year to be so far away from those I love and the prospects of ever
returning seem so remote and partly because I needed the emotional release
after living under so much tension of late; I took advantage of the opportunity
a while ago and sneaked off by myself and shed a great many tears. I’m good for
another year now and do realize that I’ve been on of God’s favored. To be alive
and whole is all one can ask for these days, that is my blessing.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Bill Allen writing to Aunt Mabel in
1944 on his last Christmas.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">Bill Allen chose to enter the Army
as an enlisted man. As a college graduate, he probably would have</span><span style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"> had the
option of becoming an officer. It appears he wanted to go in as an enlisted
man.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The following is a description of Bill’s military service:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Sergeant William G. Allen</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Serial #-36771414</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
83<sup>rd</sup> Infantry Division</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
331<sup>st</sup> Infantry Regiment</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
D Company</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2<sup>nd</sup> Platoon</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
To understand, what these descriptions mean, the following is compiled
from World War 2 Military Organization from Relicnews.com:</div>
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Army<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Over
50,000 (Soldiers)<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>General
(Leader)</div>
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Division<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>10,000-25,000<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Major
General</div>
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Regiment<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>1,500-2,500<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Colonel</div>
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Squad<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>5-15<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sergeant</div>
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<br /></div>
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At various times, Bill was a machine gunner, and then in reconnaissance
work. As Bill mentions to his parents in a letter, the 331<sup>st</sup>
Infantry would be moved as needed to be part of the 1<sup>st</sup> Army, 3<sup>rd</sup>
Army, and 9<sup>th</sup> Army. Bill trained in Georgia, left from New York by
ship to England. Shortly after D-Day, the 331<sup>st</sup> left South Hampton,
England and landed at Omaha Beach. From there, the 331<sup>st</sup> would fight
across France, Belgium, and eventually into Germany. The 331st was involved in
the Battle of the Bulge. Bill was killed on April 19, 1945 near Tochheim,
Germany.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The following is a timeline of the world events and of Bill’s life:</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>June,
1939<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> William Allen at 22 years old, graduates from Knox College <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">August, 1939</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Russians and the Germans sign a non-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">aggression
pact. </span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography/bulge-hitler/"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Adolf
Hitler</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> and </span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/peopleevents/pandeAMEX69.html"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Joseph
Stalin</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">agree
not to invade each other's borders. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
two leaders secretly plan to divide Poland <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">and
other parts of Eastern Europe between them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">September, 1939<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>September,
1939<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">World War II Begins</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">-
Employing blitzkrieg <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen at 22 years old, begins teaching<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(literally,
"lightning war") tactics, Germany <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>at
Fairview, Il. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">invades
Poland. Polish military forces are <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">unprepared
for the ferocity of Germany's attack. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">When
efforts to negotiate a withdrawal fail, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Britain
and France declare war on Germany. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">World
War II begins.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">May, 1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">As
Germany marches into Belgium, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Luxembourg,
and the Netherlands, Winston <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Churchill
replaces a disgraced Neville <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Chamberlain,
the man responsible for the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">appeasement
of Hitler, as prime minister of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Great
Britain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">June, 1940<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>June,
1940</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Germany
captures Paris, and France surrenders <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen 23 years old completes first year <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">to
the Nazis. Exacting revenge for his nation's <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>teaching.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">defeat
in the </span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/wilson/portrait/wp_war.html"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">first
World War</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">, Hitler forces French<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>officials to sign surrender papers in
the same <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">railroad
car in which Germans signed the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">armistice
of 1918.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">July 10, 1940</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Battle of Britain begins. A three-month <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">battle
fought in the skies over Britain will <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">include
destructive bombing raids on London <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">and
other cities, but by the end of October the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">British
will hand Hitler his first defeat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>September,
1940<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen at 23 years old, starts second year of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> teaching
at Fairview, Illinois.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">March, 1941<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">President
</span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/32_f_roosevelt/index.html"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Franklin
Roosevelt</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> convinces a <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">largely
isolationist Congress to pass the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Lend-Lease
Act, allowing the U.S. to sell or <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">lend
war materials to "any country whose <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">defense
the President deems vital to the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>defense of the United States."<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">July, 1941<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Roosevelt
freezes German and Italian assets <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">in
the U.S.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">August, 1941<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Emerging
from secret meetings conducted on <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">warships
off of Newfoundland, Winston Churchill <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">and
Franklin Roosevelt unveil the </span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/32_f_roosevelt/psources/ps_atlcharter.html"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Atlantic
Charter</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
charter outlines goals concerning "the final <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">destruction
of Nazi tyranny," and a pledge to <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">support
"the right of all peoples to choose the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">form
of government under which they will live."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>September,
1941<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen, 24 years old starts his third year<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>teaching
at Fairview, IL<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">December 7, 1941: The Attack on Pearl Harbor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
United States is thrust into war when Japan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">launches
a devastating surprise attack on the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">U.S.
Naval fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. President <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Franklin
Roosevelt will ask the Congress <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">to</span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/32_f_roosevelt/f_roosevelt_foreign.html"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
declare war</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> on Japan the following day, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">December
8th. Three days after that, Germany <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">and
Italy will declare war on the U.S. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">January, 1942</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">U.S.
troops arrive in Europe. Through March, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">the
number of troops shipped overseas averages <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">about
50,000 per month -- a number that will <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">soar
upwards of 250,000 per month in 1944.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">August, 1942: Stalingrad<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Germany
begins its assault on the Russian city <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">of
Stalingrad. In a battle that will rage for six <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">months,
and take hundreds of thousands of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">German
and Russian lives, the Red Army finally <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">defeats
invading Nazis. The long, bloody battle <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">proves
to be a turning point in the war, as Germany <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">begins
a retreat from the Eastern Front.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>September,
1942<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen at 25 years old starts his first</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>year
teaching at Galesburg High School. He is <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>assigned
to teach Latin, Speech, English, as<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>well
as being responsible for school plays.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">January, 1943</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Roosevelt
and Churchill hold a conference at <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Casablanca,
Morocco. They affirm their goal of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">securing
the Axis nations' unconditional surrender.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">May, 1943</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">U.S.
troops led by Generals </span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography/bulge-eisenhower/"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Dwight
Eisenhower</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">and
</span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography/bulge-patton/"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">George
S. Patton</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> join forces with British troops <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">under
the command of Field Marshal </span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography/bulge-montgomery/"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Bernard
Montgomery</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">to
defeat German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in North Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">June, 1943</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Eisenhower
is appointed commander of the U.S. forces<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">July-September, 1943<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>September,
1943</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Allied
forces capture Sicily and key spots in <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen at 26 years old begins his<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">southern
Italy. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>fifth
year teaching and his second year at<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">is
overthrown and imprisoned. Hitler dispatches <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Galesburg
High School. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">German
troops to fend off an Allied advance in what <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">will
be a series of hard fought, costly battles. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">November, 1943: The Meeting of the Big Three<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
"big three," Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">convene
in Teheran, Iran to discuss the invasion of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Italy.
It is the first time all three have met.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>November
28, 1943<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen at 26 years old directs his <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>last
school play, “A Christmas Carol.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">December, 1943<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>December
2, 1943</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Eisenhower
is named supreme commander of the <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen at 26 years old reports for <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Allied
Expeditionary Force in Europe.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>active
duty in Chicago. Given enlistment <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>number
36771414 in the U.S. Army. Sent<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>to
Camp Wheeler, Georgia for infantry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>training
where trained as a machine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>gunner.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">February, 1944</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">German
aircraft production centers are the target <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">of
a massive </span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/bombing/"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">bombing
campaign</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> by the U.S. Army Air <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Corps.
Shortly thereafter, more than 600 U.S. bombers <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">raid
Berlin. Despite the devastation caused by the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">bombing,
Germany is able to maintain weapons and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">aircraft
production levels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>May,
1944<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen at 27 years old is in New <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>York,
waiting to be shipped to Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">May 30, 1944</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Allied invasion of France commences; troops based <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">in
England begin their mobilization to cross the Channel, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">in
a massive effort code-named Operation Overlord. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Eisenhower
will wait for a good weather forecast to <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">determine
the exact day of the invasion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>June,
1944<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen is in England.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">June 4, 1944<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Allies capture Rome, Italy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">June 5, 1944</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Overlord
is set into motion. An advance wave of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">paratroopers
flies to drop spots over France late in <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">the
evening and descends into enemy territory.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">June 6, 1944: D-Day</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Over
160,000 Allied troops and 30,000 vehicles are <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">landed
along a 50-mile stretch of fortified French <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">coastline
and begin fighting on the beaches of Normandy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>July,
1944<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen is in France.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">July, 1944</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Allies take control of the French port city of Cherbourg. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
retreating Germans, however, have left the city badly <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">razed
and booby-trapped.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">August, 1944<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>August,
1944</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">After
four years of German occupation, the Allies <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>83<sup>rd</sup>
Infantry Division take Chateauneuf-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">liberate
Paris with the help of French resistance <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>d’Ille-et-Vilaine,
Dinard,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and St.Servan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">troops
led by General Charles de Gaulle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>October,
1944<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen is in Luxemborg.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>November,
1944<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>83<sup>rd</sup>
Infantry Division capture Greven-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>macher,
Echternach, and then fought in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>the
Hurtgen Forest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">December 16, 1944: The Battle of the Bulge<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Battle of the Bulge begins. Hitler sends a <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">quarter
of a million troops across an 85-mile <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">stretch
of the Allied front, from southern Belgium <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">into
Luxembourg. In deadly cold winter weather, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">German
troops will advance some 50 miles into the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Allied
lines, creating a deadly "bulge" pushing into <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Allied
defenses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Late
December, 1944<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen’s troops push back clear<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>into
Germany. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">January, 1945</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">By
the end of the month, the Battle of the Bulge ends. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Over
76,000 Americans have been killed, wounded, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">or
captured. The Allies regain the territory they held <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">in
early December.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>January,
1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen’s troops reform in Belgium.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">February 4-11, 1945: The Yalta Conference<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
last meeting of the Big Three -- Roosevelt, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Churchill,
and Stalin -- takes place in the Soviet city <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">of
Yalta. Roosevelt and Churchill agree to allow Stalin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">to
control the governments of Eastern Europe at war's <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">end,
thereby setting the stage for the future </span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eleanor/sfeature/md_ke_08.html"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Cold
War</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>February
23, 1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen’s troops push into Germany<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>for
what will be the final offense of the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>February
25, 1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen’s brother in law, Bob <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Arnold
is killed fighting in Belgium.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">March, 1945</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">U.S.
forces cross the Rhine River. The Germans <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">retreat
into Germany. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>March
23, 1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen receives letter from home<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>them
of Bob Arnold’s death.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>April
16, 1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Somewhere
near Barby, Germany on the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Elbe
River, William Allen writes his last <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>letter
home on his 28<sup>th</sup> birthday.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>April
19, 1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>William
Allen is killed when his jeep goes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>over
an Allied land mind. He is 28 years <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>and
3 days old. According to Division <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>daily
action reports, this is the last day <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>they
suffer any casualities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>April
22, 1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Benton
and Lura Allen are notified of the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>death
of William Allen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">April 30, 1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">As
Soviet forces push into Berlin, Adolf Hitler takes <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">shelter
in his bombproof bunker. There, he marries <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">his
mistress, Eva Braun, before poisoning her and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">shooting
himself. His remains will never be found.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>May
1, 1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Memorial
Service for William Allen is <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>held
at Galesburg High School.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">May 7, 1945</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">General
Dwight Eisenhower accepts Germany's <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">unconditional
surrender at Reims, France. Germany <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">likewise
surrenders to Russia in Berlin. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">It is difficult to know
exactly where a particular soldier fought. Because of the size of a Division,
it is possible that different parts of each division were engaged a little bit
differently than other parts of the division. The following is the combat record
of the 83<sup>rd</sup> Infantry as described in Wikepedia:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
83d Infantry Division arrived in England on 16 April 1944. After training in
Wales, the division landed at </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaha_Beach" title="Omaha Beach"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Omaha Beach</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 18 June 1944, and
entered the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedgerow" title="Hedgerow"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hedgerow</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> struggle south of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carentan" title="Carentan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Carentan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 27 June. Taking the
offensive, the 83d reached the St. Lo-Periers Road, 25 July, and advanced 8
miles (13 km) against strong opposition as the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Cobra" title="Operation Cobra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Normandy</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> campaign ended.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After
a period of training, elements of the division took </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-d%27Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Châteauneuf-d'Ille-et-Vilaine"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Châteauneuf-d'Ille-et-Vilaine</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 5 August, and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinard" title="Dinard"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Dinard</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 15 August, and approached the heavily fortified area
protecting </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Malo" title="St. Malo"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">St. Malo</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Intense fighting
reduced enemy strong points and a combined attack against the Citadel Fortress
of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Servan" title="St. Servan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">St. Servan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> caused its
surrender, 17 August. While elements moved south to protect the north bank of
the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loire_River" title="Loire River"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Loire River</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, the main body of
the division concentrated south of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Rennes</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> for patrolling and reconnaissance activities. Elements
reduced the garrison at </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9zembre" title="Cézembre"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Ile de Cézembre</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, which surrendered,
2 September. On 16 September 1944: the only surrender of a German Major General
</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botho_Henning_Elster&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Botho Henning Elster (page does not exist)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">B. H. Elster</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> to US-troops with 18,850 men and 754
officers at the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loire" title="Loire"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Loire</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> bridge of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaugency" title="Beaugency"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Beaugency</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. The movement into </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Luxembourg</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> was completed on 25
September. Taking </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remich" title="Remich"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Remich</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> on the 28th and
patrolling defensively along the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moselle_River" title="Moselle River"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Moselle</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, the 83d resisted
counterattacks and advanced to the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegfried_Line" title="Siegfried Line"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Siegfried Line</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> defenses across the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauer" title="Sauer"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Sauer</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> after capturing </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevenmacher" title="Grevenmacher"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Grevenmacher</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echternach" title="Echternach"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Echternach</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 7 October. As the
initial movement in operation "Unicorn," the division took Le
Stromberg Hill in the vicinity of Basse Konz against strong opposition, 5
November, and beat off counterattacks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Moving
to the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hurtgen_Forest" title="Battle of Hurtgen Forest"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hurtgen
Forest</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,
the 83d thrust forward from Gressenich to the west bank of the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roer" title="Roer"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Roer</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. It entered the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Battle of the Bulge</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 27 December, striking
at Rochefort and reducing the enemy salient in a bitter struggle. The division
moved back to Belgium and the Netherlands for rehabilitation and training, 22
January 1945. On 1 March, the 83d advanced toward the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Rhine</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> in </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Grenade" title="Operation Grenade"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Operation Grenade</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, and captured </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Neuss</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. The west bank of the Rhine from north of Oberkassel to the
Erft Canal was cleared and defensive positions established by 2 March and the
division renewed its training. The 83d crossed the Rhine south of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesel" title="Wesel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Wesel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 29 March, and advanced across the Munster Plain to the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weser" title="Weser"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Weser</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, crossing it at </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodenwerder" title="Bodenwerder"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Bodenwerder</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. As opposition
disintegrated, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halle,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Halle, North Rhine-Westphalia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Halle</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> fell on 6 April. The
division crossed the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leine" title="Leine"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Leine</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, 8 April, and
attacked to the east, pushing over the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harz" title="Harz"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Harz Mountain region</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> and advancing to the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Elbe</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> at </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barby,_Germany" title="Barby, Germany"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Barby</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. That city was taken
on the 13 April. The 83rd established a bridgehead over the river.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On
11 April 1945 the 83rd encountered Langenstein, a subcamp of the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Buchenwald
concentration camp</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.
At the camp, the troops found approximately 1,100 inmates. The inmates were
malnourished and in extremely poor physical condition. The 83rd reported the
death rate at the camp to be 500 per month. Also, that the prisoners had been
forced to work 16 hour days in nearby mines, and were shot if they became too
weak to work. After liberation, the death rate continued at approximately 25–50
people per day, due to the severe physical debilitation of the prisoners.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">To
slow the spread of sickness and death, the 83rd ordered the local German mayor
to supply the camp with food and water. Also, medical supplies were
requisitioned from the U.S. Army's 20th Field Hospital. In addition, the 83rd
recovered documents for use by war crimes investigators.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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The following are the general dates and places of the 83<sup>rd</sup>
Infantry Division:</div>
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A- Omaha Beach- June 1944</div>
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B- St. Malo, France- August 1944</div>
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C- Beaugency, France- September 1944</div>
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D- Luxembourg- October/November, 1944</div>
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E- Gressenich, Germany- December, 1944</div>
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F- Battle of Bulge- Rochefort, Belgium- December, 1944</div>
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G- Neuss, Germany- March 1945</div>
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H- Wesel, Germany- March, 1945</div>
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I- Beodenwerder, Germany- March, 1945</div>
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J- Halle, Germany- April, 1945</div>
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K- Langenstein, Germany- April, 1945</div>
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L- Tochheim, Germany- April, 1945 (Location near where Bill was killed)</div>
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These are the dates reported for the 83rd Division. Whether Bill Allen was at these exact locations at these exact times would not be known. It is known he was killed near Tochheim, Germany.</div>
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A- Neuss, Germany- March 1, 1945</div>
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B- Wesel, Germany- March, 1945</div>
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C- Bodenwerder, Germany- March 29, 1945</div>
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D- Halle, Germany- April 6, 1945</div>
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E- Langenstein, Germany (sub-camp of Buchenwald)- April 11, 1945</div>
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F- Tochheim, Germany- April 13, 1945 (75 miles from Berlin)</div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The following is a clipping from the Peoria Journal Star- the
date is unknown:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Co D Men on Recon Take
Village Alone<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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Without firing a shot, a Co. D reconnaissance party in a
lone jeep captured a German village at 0200. Attempting to make contact with
the spearhead, they took what they thought was the alternate route- one which
took them to a small village.</div>
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Driving up and down the empty streets and inspecting the
vacated, newly dug German trenches they realized they had taken the wrong turn
in the road. </div>
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Hastily they claimed the town for the U.S. Army and hurried
back to Battalion C. P. to report there was no longer any resistance in the
village to their right.</div>
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Members of the party were: Lt. Robert J. Deck, Jr, Wayne,
Penn., Sgt. William G. Allen, Peoria, Ill., Pfc. John J. Kovak, McDonaldton,
Penn., and Pfc. Marvin T. Davis, Abbeville, S.C.</div>
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The following is William Allen's citation for earning the Bronze Star:</div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The following is Bill Allen’s citation for earning the Bronze
Star:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-77057920313444365072015-09-11T07:28:00.002-07:002015-09-11T14:36:40.138-07:00Chapter 8- Bill's Letters Home<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bill's Letters Home<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">“A
‘rugged combat’ soldier guarding an entrance to a C.P.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;">“Results
of a day’s hunting, lined up at our battalion C.P. Just a few of the Master
Racers who didn’t run fast enough.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">France, September 1944<br />
"This is what made Jerry run."</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rq22YA3xK7k/VfM5vNP7CvI/AAAAAAAAGKo/hhhHQ4jC5ys/s1600/8-41.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rq22YA3xK7k/VfM5vNP7CvI/AAAAAAAAGKo/hhhHQ4jC5ys/s640/8-41.png" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"The major's home. The clean doorway leads to the barn."</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-07Ftdw24iqY/VfM5vi8-hFI/AAAAAAAAGKs/xbj-BSr4Q1E/s1600/8-43.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-07Ftdw24iqY/VfM5vi8-hFI/AAAAAAAAGKs/xbj-BSr4Q1E/s640/8-43.png" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Taken on the main street of ______, Luxenburg. All the animals live under the same<br />
roof with the family, but you notice there are different entrances. In the barn live<br />
the chickens, horses, cows, pigs, and G.I.'s."</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sfoT_1cW-kg/VfM500xmUbI/AAAAAAAAGLA/_dz1BQb-g7Q/s1600/8-45.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sfoT_1cW-kg/VfM500xmUbI/AAAAAAAAGLA/_dz1BQb-g7Q/s640/8-45.png" width="478" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"No, I didn't shoot the hole in the wall, but it was one of the minor bits of destruction<br />
before the Luxenbourg flag could be flown."</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UwuGE1YfS7Q/VfM85QnYpSI/AAAAAAAAGMA/saQtDX87To4/s1600/8-51.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UwuGE1YfS7Q/VfM85QnYpSI/AAAAAAAAGMA/saQtDX87To4/s640/8-51.png" width="478" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Typical Luxenbourg street scene taken from the door of a building where I once slept."</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YkLjVL_XFH4/VfM9EQ_XF7I/AAAAAAAAGMw/pXjGwYwH2Hk/s1600/8-57.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YkLjVL_XFH4/VfM9EQ_XF7I/AAAAAAAAGMw/pXjGwYwH2Hk/s640/8-57.png" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"The two most valuable weapons of the war- the jeep and the G.I., Just feed them both<br />
well and they'll go anyplace."</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A5ulop1MsjU/VfM_0z37YqI/AAAAAAAAGNQ/7byFepvdMxw/s1600/8-63.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A5ulop1MsjU/VfM_0z37YqI/AAAAAAAAGNQ/7byFepvdMxw/s640/8-63.png" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Now it can be told. Here's Gen. Ike's secret weapon- V-13 the German's call it.<br />
Those in the Russian army have various names- most unprintable."<br />
<br />
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(Bill Allen is calling
himself “Gen. Ike’s secret weapon- V-13.” Hitler referred to the Nazi secret
weapon as V-1 and V-2. G.I.’s to mock Hitler’s “secret weapon” would refer to
themselves as V-13’s- indicating they were more powerful than any German weapon
weapons.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment--></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Hail the conquoring heroes came!"</td></tr>
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<br />Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-35875474150726152622015-09-11T07:27:00.003-07:002015-09-11T14:59:20.709-07:00Chapter 9- Letters to Aunt Mabel<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Letters to Aunt Mabel<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<!--EndFragment-->The following are a collection of letters from Bill Allen to his Aunt Mabel Allen.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sunday<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>January
30, 1944<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dear Mable,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think that I have about time to
cover this page before lights go out and I turn in for a good night’s rest to
begin a new week.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This has been by far the most
peaceful day that I have had in Georgia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The 70 degree sunshine has lured enough of the men away from the
barracks so that those of us who wanted to could lie around and read and write
the whole day long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I finally got
into “Good Night, Sweet Prince” and John Barrymore took me out of this atmosphere
for two exciting hours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then
tonight I attended the first really good movie that I have seen in many weeks.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I read Dorothy Thompson’s article
on “Lifeboat” today in the Atlanta paper before seeing the show tonight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The picture may have been rather
uncomplimentary to the Americans in the boat, but I somehow feel as if that’s
the way the situation stands much as we hate to admit it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The picture certainly doesn’t answer
the question as to what we are going to do with the Germans, but then who can?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyway, it’s a thrilling production
from the directors standpoint, and I was certainly engrossed in it for two
pleasant hours.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I laid “G.N.S.P.” down to write,
and a moment ago one of the men came over and asked if he could borrow my
book.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I consented, and just
noticed that it’s being used as a support for some letter writing activity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You needn’t be worried about my
maintaining my perspective in this life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I think that I can also keep my aesthetic distance from much that goes
on around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And don’t get the
impression that I’m being snobbish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I find it much easier to get along with the group and maintain certain
standards than I had planned on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, it is as you suggested – the leveling off process is a downward
movement, and the most intelligent men have to make the most adjustment in order
to keep peace in the family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I find that it’s becoming much
easier to keep my mouth shut and say “Yes, sir”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, from the first I <u>did </u>keep still, but there
was always the inward turmoil that affected my digestion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now it’s much easier to laugh at these
twenty year old non-coms who delight in inflicting physical and mental
punishment over men twice their age who have been used to making their own
decisions for many years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think that I’m being objective
when I say that the leadership in this particular company is definitely mediocre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of our fifty officer-instructors I
would say that ten percent are very superior, fifty percent are adequate, and
the rest are intellectual orphans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Too many of them are former college athletes who are so impressed with
the way that they look in their uniform.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They also delight in reaming men out for not saluting them “in the
proper manner”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We’ve started to work in earnest
with our machine guns, and I find it the most interesting thing that I have
done even though the damn things do break my back.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seven of our ten weeks of basic
here are gone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A lot has happened
and we’ll be glad to see the other ten go; although we don’t expect it to move
into anything any easier.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>We’re </u>certainly not
training with broomsticks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We’ve
pulled the trigger on practically every type of weapon but a water pistol and
we’re using live ammunition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ll
never forget the sensation of machine gun bullets whizzing by my ears as I
crawled through the barbed wire of the infiltration course.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The order came through recently
that all our big marches were to be taken at night in as much as most troop
movements are done at night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So we
lose much sleep as we go on our “night problems” under simulated battle
conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I fear that it will take more
than an operation to keep me off the boat and, oddly enough, I wouldn’t take a
way out if I could find one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
this point on out it’s a fighting man’s war.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m still looking for the South
of the famous friend chicken, beautiful women, and mint juleps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I haven’t seen any of either as
yet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can it be that all my
education has misled me?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As ever,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pvt. Bill<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">P.S. The
extra words in this letter are due to that interruption caused by men crawling
into beds all around and wanting to know, “Has anybody got anything to eat?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>May
18<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Co
I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A.P.O
15325<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>%
Postmaster, N.Y.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dear Mable,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just a very few lines to let you
know that I’m still around.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All I know these days is what the
censor tells me, and we’ve been officially informed that we’ve moved from one
spot on the East coast to another spot on the East coast and may expect to move
again in the not-to-distant future.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The officers of our unit are
working about thirty hours a day these days, but all the lowly private (and
that’s me!) has to do is say, “Here, sir”, or “yes, sir!” at the proper
time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s true that we just got
into a comfortable position when the sergeant decides that we must go and stand
in a line someplace, but I can put up with that for awhile.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We wait in line one day to get
some clothing or equipment and then fall out the next morning to turn it back
again; but it keeps us occupied and very, very confused which seem to be the
two objectives at this point.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
then, too, our medics are always with us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So far, we’ve had just about everything but a pregnancy test.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are so careful of our welfare that
they give us an exam for venereal disease before boarding a train and then
again as soon as we got off of it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the food is the best army
chow that I’ve found yet and I’m seeing some entertaining movies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe the atmosphere has changed my
tastes, but I really got a bang out of “Up in Mable’s Room”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Practically every obvious gag was used
and it was fun to anticipate what was coming next.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I called Henry and Tippy the
other night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was good to hear
familiar voices again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are
anxiously awaiting your summer vacation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Later<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hallelujah!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A sudden surprise pass carried me
to New York last night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I arrived
somewhat late and headed for the first electric sign which I saw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was “Winged Victory”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I tried not to be influenced by the
traditional infantry feeling about the air corps, but I still believe that as far
as war drama is concerned Mr. Hart missed the boat. (Or should I say
“plane”?)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What I’ve seen of it
hasn’t convinced me that <u>everyone</u> in the service is a keen witted heroic
type and that <u>all </u>officers aren’t the kindly father of the bewildered
youth in their command.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, I
was thrilled clear to my lower rib by the staging which was something which I
certainly haven’t seen before.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Was disappointed to discover that
the “Stage Door Canteen” was closed for the month, but we took in a few of the
other night spots.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And prospects
look good for my returning again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Georgia was never like this!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My major disappoint has been the
discovery that my old unit has been completely scattered and I have an entire
new group into which I have to fit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Write when you can.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As ever,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bill <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">May 30, 1944<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dear Mabel,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your letter just arrived and for
want of a better way to spend Memorial Eve I’ll jot you an answer against that
time when life does not contain so many leisure hours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When I say “leisure”, however, I mean
time that is not G.I.’d because there certainly haven’t been many idle hours
these past two weeks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m fast
using up that reserve supply of sleep that I acquired sometime ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A day’s schedule might consist of an
all day’s march and then the night in New York.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I could almost give you a
complete eye witness report of the season on B’way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m being very extravagant and am seeing all the traditional
“sights” as a traveler first class.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Most of my evenings start out as near first row balcony as I can
come.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Theater tickets are
difficult to get, but I haven’t done so bad with: Othello, Winged Victory, Jacobowsky
and the Colonel, The Searching Wind, Ramshackle Inn, The Voice of the Turtle,
and Carmen Jones.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If someone were to say that
“Othello” was the greatest play and the greatest cast on any stage, I wouldn’t
be the one to contradict the statement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I went with a young kid who was seeing his first stage play and he was
just as excited as I.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ferrer gets
my vote and Uta Hagen is a perfect Desdemona, Robson is terrific (If I must use
all the stock adjectives).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Never
have I seen so many goose pimples as the audience broke out with during the
murder scene.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jones’ lighting
doesn’t do any harm to the atmosphere either.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Next comes “Carman Jones”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such costumes! Such sets! Such
singing!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carmen is a worker in a
Southern parachute factory and her lovers are an M.P. Corporal and a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>prizefighter as you know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s the most expensive thing that I’ve
ever seen on the stage and the money was well spent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first scene (even unto the sky and military uniforms) is
done in yellows and browns, the second in purple and blue, the third purple and
green, the fourth in reds and black.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Resplendent in word and the lyrics and plot sound as if the music, which
is intact, was written for them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The V. of the T. is all one is
led to believe that it is.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There’s
a laugh in every line and gesture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The actors have as much fun as the audience and it’s a joy to watch them
work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I can’t imagine anyone else
in the parts even though the military uniform does sit rather awkwardly on
Nugent’s round shoulders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And if
one isn’t interested in the plot (But who couldn’t be!) there is the cleverest
set I have ever seen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Steward
Cheney has put a three room apartment on the stage – complete with running
water and all the modern conveniences.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Searching Wind is definitely
not Lillian Hellman at her best.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
think that she is trying to show what effect the confused twenties and thirties
had upon the tangled private lives of those who were trying to formulate
opinions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It all boils down to a
meeting of the Court of Human Relations on the stage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wasn’t impressed with Skinner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dudley Digges is fine as a retired newspaperman, but as far
as I’m concerned the play belongs to a boy by the name of Montgomery Clift who
is the most sincere, natural, and freshest thing that I’ve seen in many moons.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“J and the Colonel” would not
last very long with a poorer cast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But as is, it <u>is</u> funny.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>My lack of understanding of the whole thing may be due to my going to
sleep during the second act.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>T’was
a long march though and not the production which brought on the sleep.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The one weak character is Annabella who
covers up her talents with too many clothes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joan Pitts has her very funny
moments in a play that amateurs will have lots of fun with.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This critical account rambled on
more than I intended.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But you may
be interested.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m not expecting
much entertainment in the future so am storing up a little extra.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When we don’t get to go to town
there are such things as Gertrude Nilsson, Bert Wheeler, and the Russian Ballet
to entertain us here, for free.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Ballet played to standees and was received as well as any camp
entertainment that I have attended.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Of course, the majority of the audience was brass, but maybe that speaks
well of the officers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We’re staying here much longer
than any of us expected and we’ve almost stopped guessing as to when the move
will come.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I received a letter from
Elizabeth, the other day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She
seems to think that Robert may move on any minute.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Orders have gone in for his promotion but she says that he
hasn’t bought the leaves yet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope that the folks have heard
from Lee by this time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mother
sounded quite anxious in her last letter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As ever,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bill<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">P.S. I still
think that “Winged Victory” is ham covered up with much expensive dressing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>November
12, 1944<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Somewhere
in France<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dear Mabel,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mail service isn’t everything it
could be these days, and by some queer quirk of fate your letter which I
received tonight was the first news that I’ve had that Lee is home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My curiosity is being tormented until I
get the particulars which no doubt will come in a few days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, although I’m jealous no end,
I’m really hoping that he won’t have to go back.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I paused in the day’s occupation
yesterday afternoon long enough to note that twas just a year ago that I raised
my hand in front of an American flag to say, “I do”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve lived a lot since then.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And there’s<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>still a long ways to go!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You’d be surprised at the disgust with which all the optimistic
newspaper talk is greeted here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We’re all praying that something may turn up to suddenly end it all, but
better judgment warns that the infantry may have to crawl all the way to
Berlin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From all indications which
I’ve seen, the Germans still feel that they have a cause for which to fight and
absolutely nothing to gain by quitting at this point.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I could also express a personal
opinion about the glamorized general which you mention in connection with the
glamorized marines and who both live up so admirably to the American standards
of heroics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But this is the army
and an E.M.<span style="color: red;"> </span>dare not criticize his
“superiors”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Suffice it to say
that I still believe that the war will be won by a last ditch yard by yard gain
in which an army is defeated and not by a spectacular dash across a country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You get the picture in terms of
total gains and total casualties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>My emotions are too colored by having seen those whom I know “give their
all” at some insignificant point which never makes the headlines – for my
opinion to be worth very much.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We’ve really had a beak these
past few weeks even though my fingers are now crossed for what fate might have
in store.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our division was a major
factor in helping to bring about the Normandy breakthrough and participated in
one of the major battles on Brittany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After that we saw a good deal of France and then enjoyed Luxemburg
hospitality after helping to liberate that country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I manned a machine gun for awhile
and then was promoted to a goldbricking job as a company messenger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The latter kept me up in front where I
didn’t have to miss any of the excitement and was on hand to point my rifle at beaucoup
les prisoners which our unit captured and to go on reconnaissance with a much
admired lieutenant into newly captured towns for wine, champagne, and cognac
which the retreating master racers had possibly left behind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After seeing what has happened to
commissioned rifle officers, I still feel that I’m alive today because of the
decisions which I made regarding my service career.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Besides that, I’ve been free of responsibility and didn’t
have to make decisions affecting the lives of other men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m satisfied, but, God!, how glad I’ll
be when it’s all over!!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At present writing my fanny is
safely and warmly ensconced behind a table in an abandoned French café where
I’ve temporarily attached to battalion headquarters writing award
citations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The hero maker”
they’re calling me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s very unexciting work, but,
as I’ve said, it’s warm and dry and safe and that is all life has to offer
these days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, when the time
comes I’ll be perfectly willing to go back where I can make a somewhat more
positive contribution to the victory.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks for the pictures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I always like to get your letters, for
you usually enclose several and I guess that, in spite of it all, I’m just a
sentimentalist at heart.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We all do a lot of planning for
the future and I’ve done a lot of thinking along that line myself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I fear that I’ll never be able<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to go back to the classroom and earn my
living there again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I might even
like to pick up my law career where it left me, if too much time does not
elapse before I can put on a red necktie and go bareheaded again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wish that I could have seen
your “Janie”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve read all about
Clare Foley in the two month old magazines which sometimes find their way up
front and I’m hoping that possibly I may enter a barn some afternoon to see a
movie and find her in it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We’ve
seen several movies recently, thanks to generous Hollywood and a regimental
projector which sometimes works.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They’re of the Abbott and Costello variety and are marvelous escape
mechanisms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tonight’s “Stars and Stripes”
which we get all the way from a week to three days late, brought news of the
election.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I agree with one private
quoted in the paper who remarked, “the G.I.s are pretty well satisfied with the
way America voted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We see no
reason to replace a General with a private at a critical stage of the battle.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Love,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bill<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Christmas
Eve, 1944<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dear Mabel,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I should be writing home tonight,
but my mood is not conducive to uplifting homefront morale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe you’ll understand; so I’ll spend
the evening answering the several letters which I’ve received from you lately.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m thinking of all the
Christmases of the past and what the day has always meant to our family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Partly because I’m sentimental and it’s
such a hard time of the year to be so far away from all those I love and the
prospects of ever returning seem so remote and partly because I needed the emotional
release after living under so much tension of late; I took advantage of the
opportunity a while ago and sneaked off by myself and shed a great many
tears.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m good for another year
now and do realize that I’ve been one of God’s favored.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To be alive and whole is all one can
ask for these days, and that is my blessing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve received a lot of mail the
past few day’s and a number of my packages have been delivered (yours is still
on the way.).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Among my gifts was a
copy of Wolcott’s letters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ll probably
have to leave it behind next time we move up, but I certainly have enjoyed
snatches from it today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was particularly
impressed with a letter from Captain Thornton Wilder and a statement to the
effect that nothing makes a soldier so happy as a letter from home or so
depresses him as reading it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That
sums it all up very well, but I don’t believe that a great many of us would be
able to endure these days if it weren’t for the regular visits of the mailman.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have been so afraid that we
night have to spend The Day fighting (yes, I’m a front line soldier again), but
all indications now are that we’ll be one of the favored outfits to observe
tomorrow in comparative quiet and safety.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I came back to the Company C.P.
yesterday with my lieutenant and am helping him to maintain contact between
here and our gun positions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I make
trips out to the men during the day with supplies, mail, information, etc. but
have some time to myself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m
sleeping in the bomb-proof cellar of what was once a German beer garden – a
fine place before the shelling and as comfortable a haven as we have found in
Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yesterday we brought in a
fine Christmas tree and decorated it by looting decorations from the various
houses around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fixing it up was a
lot of fun but now it is only serving to increase the gloomy atmosphere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I don’t believe that any of us ever
hated the Germans quite so much as we do tonight.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, some holiday spirit has
been added with the help of several bottles of fine wine and liquor which some
of the boys unearthed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The owner
had them hidden well enough so that the German soldiers who recently occupied
this place couldn’t find them, but not so for the Americans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have some boys in our outfit who can
smell wine if there is any within a radius of five miles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fact that the place was
hastily evacuated is further evidenced by the amount of food left behind in the
house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our dinner today was some
fine cured ham found in the basement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Yesterday we decreased the flock of chickens in the backyard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the really convenient thing about
keeping house over here is that one never has to wash any dishes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We just dirty them all in one house and
then move our C.P. over into another house.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were also three cows and
some little pigs in the barn which opens off the kitchen in European
fashion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of our medics, a
farmer from Iowa, has taken upon himself the duty of feeding the pigs and
milking the cows.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They’ll probably
be turned out to run wild when we leave but he’s getting a great deal of
satisfaction out of caring for them these few days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tags in the cows ears indicate that they have been T.B.
tested and we’re breaking stringent army rules by drinking the milk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s the first fresh milk any of us
have had since we left the states and the drinking of it is certainly the least
of the risks we’re taking these days.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Don’t think however, that this
situation is typical of army life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is only the favored few who sleep under cover and this is one of the
few times that I’ve had a roof over my head since I came through the dragons
teeth which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>announced that I had
arrived at the back door of the “Fatherland”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You may be interested in a few frank facts about life as the
Infantry is living it and leaving it these days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Without any complaints or regrets, here is a little
concerning “My Days”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For two weeks after we started
our offensive, I lived in trenches and foxholes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During that time few of us were ever completely dry or
warm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fact that I came through
it in such good shape gives me a great deal of satisfaction concerning my
ability to “take it” and much confidence in my physical stamina to endure the
months ahead.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Living such a life teaches one
new means of self preservation:<span style="color: #c00000;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Socks can be dried by wearing
them around the waist, gloves by sleeping with them next to your body (If one
can sleep); steel helmets must be worn twenty-four hours a day; one is
relatively safe as long as he stays below the ground.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It then takes a direct hit to get him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In that case that particular shell had
your number on it and there was nothing you could do about it anyway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes it is wise to urinate in your
helmet or a “K” ration box and throw it over the edge rather than getting out
of your hole.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If a dead “G.I.” has
a pair of overshoes and you have none, those overshoes had best be used to
continue winning the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it’s
true that at all times “The dead must wait on the living”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The latest issue of the “Stars
and Stripes” carried a story headlined “America Sobered by War News”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Methinks it’s about time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have felt for a long time that the
final victory was not as near as the folks at home were led to believe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, when I received my latest <u>Newsweek</u>,
three months old, and read the comments therein concerning reconversion, plans
for the boys returning, prophesies concerning victory by Christmas, etc. I
would have stuck my head out of my hole and puked had I had anything but
another “D” ration chocolate bar to replenish my stomach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of us who have faced him at close
range have a great deal of respect for the German as a soldier and know that he
still believes that he has a cause for which to fight the same as we.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We’re a long ways from Berlin as the
infantry digs and crawls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However,
there’s not a doubt in anyone’s mind but that eventually the infantry will get
there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The big prayer with <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>each of us is, “Will I be with them when
they arrive?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have been fortunate in being
associated with a group of men whom, for the most part, I enjoy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I admire our platoon lieutenant not
only for his intelligence and courage as a soldier but also for the gentleman
which he always is.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Army life in
the field comes much nearer the democratic ideal than it does in garrison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s probably due to the fact
that the best officers get here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>An officer only has to prove himself in one engagement and he never has
to worry about maintaining the respect of his men. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am now technically a machine
gun squad leader, but I do a little bit of everything in our platoon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I shall never forget the night I spent
leading our boys from their front line guard positions a few at a time back
through a barrage area to a cellar where there was a stove and they could spend
an hour drying<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>their clothes and I
almost got lost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We’re now
thankful that the shortest day of the year has passed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fifteen hours of darkness make for a
lot of guard duty and too much lonely thinking.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The candles around our Christmas
tree are burning low.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few
minutes ago someone began to plan Christmas carols on his harmonica.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We started to sing those but it was
pretty hard on the hearts so he switched to “Beer Barrel Polka” and “You Are My
Sunshine”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then we were shushed
because “The enemy is listening”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This bit of philosophy I just
heard expressed over in the corner, “Boy, you just be thankful fer what you got
and quit bitchin off about what your<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>gonna git!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m also
thankful for what I’ve had.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Love,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Bill<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Belgium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>10
January 1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dear Mabel,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This has been one of those days
which will forever haunt my nightmares, and now that it is over it all seems
like some mad fantasy concocted by some Hollywood senerioist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’d like to record it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m not sure I want my Mother to think
about these things; so you’re the goat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If you’ll bear with the dramatic privileges which I take with the
situation, I may be able to give you a little picture of the infantry’s
existence these days and to prove to you that those in America haven’t the
slightest conception of the sacrifice required for modern warfare.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>War <u>is</u> hell for the
soldiers who fight it, but I can find no descriptive term which applies to the
civilians who are directly caught in its path.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Normandy where the going was so slow and bloody much of
the fighting was done along the hedgerows and the civilians had the opportunity
to escape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the wild dash
across France, the close fighting was sporadic and, although the physical
destruction to property was terrific, I think that most of the civil population
was able to escape in the wake of the onslaught.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, anyway, it isn’t so bad to have to sleep in the ditches
and woods in the summertime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>During my recent sojourn in Germany, I witnessed the total destruction
of all German property, but none of the local residents were “at home” to
suffer from it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had long
since been evacuated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The past few days I have seen
evidences of real civilian suffering from war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The battlelines are not definitely established.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Information as to what is actually
happening doesn’t seem to have been dissemenated <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to the civilians; they don’t act as if they know whether the
Americans or Germans are coming; they have no place to go – and it’s bitter
winter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So they just stay and take
it – apparently aware that they are completely cut off from civilization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Americans shell their towns to
drive the Germans out, and then the Germans in turn shell them in an effort to
drive the Doughboys back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is
nothing for the bewildered natives to do but huddle in a cellar and pray that a
shell doesn’t land in their spot and that there will be a little chow left in
our mess kits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, God, we can’t
feed everybody!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We also fight these days what we
tritely refer to as “The Battle of the Billets”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s no weather for foxhole life, and a roof over one’s head
is at a premium.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many’s the night
I’ve been grateful to a congenial cow for sharing her stall with me!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are many more troops than
shelters, and there’s always a great contest in a newly captured town for the
remaining roofs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a result,
there may be several families sharing one room and several squads of men next
door in another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I must add that
the hospitality is congenial, and the natives certainly do everything within
their meager powers to make us feel welcome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Which brings me to the story of
“My Day”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I set out this morning with a
quartering detail to attempt to secure billets in an advance town for our
company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first town we come to
was so crowded that there would not even have been room for our mascot
dog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As we approached the next
town, the sounds in the air told us that it was “hot” and we didn’t get into it
very far before we learned that it had not been entirely captured.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This wasn’t our day for fighting, so we
got out of there as fast as our little jeep could carry us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The third town we struck was a
little more promising, even though it was still under enemy shellfire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I set out with a boy from our platoon
who speaks good French to see what we could locate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I first inspected the church in order to discover if it had
a basement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An open grave in the
church yard was the scene of a local war funeral.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A half dozen American soldiers came hurrying down the street
carrying a coffin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two black-veiled
women tagged behind in a effort to keep up.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cemetery was marred by shell
holes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I thought of “All Quiet on
the Western Front” and “Even the dead cannot rest in peace”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was no cellar, but I stepped
inside the church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The roof had
been blown off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My eye caught the
Nativity figures depicting the Christmas scene.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I noted that the Christ Child had fallen out of the manger
onto the floor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The pews were
covered with snow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I approached
the alter in pious meditation and my footsteps were halted by a suspicious
looking mound of snow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I scraped
off the top layer with my foot and discovered that it was a soldier’s
body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a German, a boy about
seventeen years of age and someone had crossed his frozen hands over his breast
and closed his eyes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As I turned to go, I was
terrified by a familiar whistle and had one-tenth of a second to take the prone
position along the wall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
another direct hit on the church and my back was covered with plaster.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thank God, no shell fragments had found
me!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I knew from experience that
more shells would momentarily hit the same area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I can think of no better place to meet my Maker than in a
church, but I was practical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
dived for a door across the street which looked like the entrance to a cellarway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One doesn’t crawl or climb into a
hole.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He dives in, head first like
an animal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My aim was good, but my guess was
wrong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t a cellarway; it
was only the entrance to a barn. Imagine my feelings when I soon discovered
that my bed wasn’t one of straw, but that I had landed right in the midst of a
large pile of frozen German bodies and parts of bodies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Someone had evidently collected the
corpses around town and thrown them in this doorway.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The shelling stopped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I located my friend who had ducked in
another doorway, and we continued on our mission.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We had one-hundred fifty-six men for whom to find
cover.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every building was crowded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We finally located one man who thought
that he could help us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had one
of the few remaining whole houses in town, and there were already four families
living with him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He could give us
two rooms for a C.P.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would turn
his horse and cows out and clean out the stable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was going to have to dispose of his animals anyway
because a shell had set fire to his haystack and he had no more feed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A wrecked house next door had two good
rooms and a basement which could be used after the debris was cleared out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Would we please save any extra food we
had for his family?<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On down the street further we
struck our heads through a paneless window where a very dirty wooden shoed
woman was looking over a dirty boiling pot on an equally dirty range.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Did she know of any place where
American soldiers could sleep?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She
beckoned us in the door and led us into what had once been a family bedroom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A shell had blown out the wall, but the
hole had been stuffed with straw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Yes, we could put at least ten men there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A basement under the house would take care of at least
twenty more; but would we please be careful of the pile of potatoes in one corner?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We were also welcome to the hayloft,
but there was no longer a roof over it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The woman also had two little girls who would be thankful for any
leftover food we had.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The man of the house entered<span style="color: #c00000;"> </span>from the adjoining stable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He welcomed us with magnanimous
gestures and inquired if we had a doctor with us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was none in our organization, but we had seen an aid
station on our way into town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
neighbor was very sick; so we took the man to the aid station where a doctor
was willing to come and look at the ailing neighbor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We found fourteen people living
in a cellar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sick man had
pneumonia and must be moved out of the dampness immediately.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where to?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A woman in the group was expecting her baby any day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Could she be evacuated?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where to?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So the day went.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In such a manner we finally found
quarters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then the big anticlimax
– an order from battalion not to move today.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tonight I’m warm and dry and
safe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tomorrow we move “up”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where to?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What next?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those of us who are here and have
to face the enemy at close range have no allusions about a sudden, easy
conclusion to this conflict.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Oh,
for just one more view of a land that is whole!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Love,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Bill<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Belgium<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>21
January 1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dear Mabel,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The last letter which I wrote you
probably sounded pretty gloomy, so I send this one after it to assure you that
I’m still around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, too, I have
your box and letter of Jan 2 to acknowledge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The box was almost a month late from Christmas, but arrived
at a crucial moment when I could enjoy it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve just about digested the Theatre Arts and have almost
reassured myself that there <u>were</u> such things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although my feet were frozen at the time, I really got the
holiday spirit as I untied the packages amidst the holly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The First Sergeant joined me in
dressing<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the Wac and Wave.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope to capture a few of the more
beautiful Belgium winter scenes with the film.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have been through the most
difficult period of my life – yet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I have never been so completely physically and mentally exhausted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am thankful to be alive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This has been the closest
physical contact which I’ve had with the enemy and if the number of German dead
are any indication I guess that we accomplished our mission.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These days of almost constant moving
without more than an hour’s consecutive sleep, attacking through snow which
varied from knee deep to waist deep, stopping only long enough to dig in before
the order to “move on” again came all go with getting your army on the road to
Berlin again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Somebody, somewhere
plays with a map and a pencil and the Infantryman moves forward until he either
gets hit or freezes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But that’s
the only way to win a war – even in 1945.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Someday maybe I can tell you in
detail (with gestures) about my coming close enough to those German tanks that
I could reach out and touch them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And the hours I spent in a house while the Germans held the one across
the street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When we entered one
house we found one German soldier and thirteen civilians in the basement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A baby’s cry prevented them all from
being killed by hand grenades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
rest of the night the other Jerrys<span style="color: #c00000;"> </span>who had
been occupying the house kept coming back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was so dark that it was difficult to tell whether there
were Germans or Americans in the room.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>During one skirmish, one of our guards ended up with a German rifle in
his hand without knowing how it got there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But come the dawn and “Co.D’s” machine gun did much to
justify their existence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are
no Germans across the street now.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another midnight we cleaned out a
house and listened to a wounded German cry in the attic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We thought that it might be a trick,
but morning revealed a pretty sad specimen of the Master Race as he came
rolling down the stairs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There may
be plenty who are willing to die for the Fatherland, but I’ve seen a good many
who are not heroic in death.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We lived for days in the
woods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was secretly proud of my
physical stamina but had almost reached the point where a few of my muscles
were beginning to object mighty painfully.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We started out before daylight one morning and as I crawled
out of my hole in the snow my lieutenant <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>remarked “Well, Allen, if you live through today you’re going
to be transferred to Company Headquarters”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had received the order the night before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You bet, I lived and my new job bears
the title of Reconnaissance Sergeant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I do everything from select gun positions to secure billets for our
troops.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I run around with a map
board under my arm, look very official and busy and don’t accomplish much of
anything.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of my first jobs, and a most
welcome one, was to select quarters for our men yesterday in an area out of the
range of the big guns for a few days rest and a good thawing out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We found some Belgium people whose
homes had been left standing and who were willing to take us in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Last night I slept with my shoes off –
surely one of life’s greatest luxuries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your letter which I received this evening gave me much
thought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wouldn’t have the
slightest idea where to begin to build a drama program for the
readjustment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have felt <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack">all along that too many people got into this army without
realizing that there are other </a>pleasures to life besides those derived from
the pocketbook or flesh.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However,
those who get back are going to feel that in-as-much as they have lost some
valuable years out of their life any further education must hasten their
establishing of a lifetime profession.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There will be little time for recreational drama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m not at all convinced, either,
about a great interest in the post war world among returning servicemen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of us will want to escape from all
reality as far as possible and may feel that the responsibilities of life will
have to be borne by those who have stayed at home through it all.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each attack is harder now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Last summer I really didn’t give a
damn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now that I’ve weathered it
so well this far, I keep thinking that I might really get back if some miracle
would only end it all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If I do,
it’s going to be difficult not to feel that the world owes me a living and that
I’ve already made my contribution to civilization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyway, as much as I’d like to hide myself I have dreams of
finishing my law career.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think
that I can muster up enough discipline for those years with the books.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My thinking is more hazy than usual
tonight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When it’s all over I’ll
sit down with you and help you plan your program and we’ll have long chats
about cabbages and kings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m going to read myself to sleep
on my garage floor tonight with Ogden Nash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Next to sleeping with one’s shoes off, it’s best to sleep
above the ground.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Love,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Bill<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Germany<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>13
March 1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dear Mabel,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have some spare minutes tonight
and I’ll spend them thinking to you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If my thoughts run amuck you can blame it on the distillery which we
recently captured and some ingenious G.I. cocktails concocted with gin and synthetic
lemon juice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What we’ve been doing lately has
probably made your headlines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(See
the copy of our division paper which I’ve sent home.), but please don’t think
that the war is over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I often
wonder about the one sided story of the fighting which the folks at home are
fed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When we gain a few miles, I
get a flood of letters suggesting that it’s all over and I may be home on the
next boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I realize that it’s
mostly “wishful thinking “ on the part of the homefront, but if there’s one
thing this infantryman has learned it’s that he must face reality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that reality is that there are yet
a great number of German acres and streets over which must strewn American
bodies before the last “Jerry” is killed or captured and barring a miracle or a
hospital plane, I won’t be home by next Christmas or even a year from now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All I pray for is that I’ll still be
around when the boat pulls out and that it goes via the states on the way to
the Pacific.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Army papers have given quite a
lot of space recently to Clare Luce’s report of her visit to the front.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s the first intelligent account of
the Doughboy’s attitude toward combat which I’ve seen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She explained that under the present
combat policy of the army it’s so easy for the front line soldier to get the
feeling that <u>he</u> can’t win.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Men
become causalities; their places are filled by “reinforcements” and the outfit
keeps right on going - forever and ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The individual feels that eventually his turn <u>must</u> come.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s only a question of whether he’s
killed or wounded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The infantryman
has nothing to look forward to, as does the air corps with their assured
reassignment after a limited number of combat missions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’d give anything in the world if
I could in someway record the feelings which I have experienced, without any
false sense of emotions or heroics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>To live with death – to see others meet it, even the enemy – is one
thing; but it will be a great artist who can express the emotion without dragging
out all the timeworn symbols or phrases.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As one moves up to the line of departure for an attack, he has a
marvelous sense of security as he witnesses the evidences of might in the form
of supplies, artillery and air power which surround him. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, when the G.I. “jumps off” he
feels completely neglected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All
the power of the enemy, he believes, is aimed directly at him and that is when
he is possessed by that fear which none can adequately describe or
picture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’s completely alone and
there before him is the ground for which he personally is responsible for occupying.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For help, he can only pray.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His buddies with whom he has lived and
joked become only impersonal figures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He sees them fall, but it is not until much later that he misses them and
realizes that he has lost friends.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I shall never forget late one
afternoon when I discovered dead near his gun position the man whom I respected
above all others as a soldier.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
calmly reported the fact and got a good night’s sleep.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was not until several days later
that his body slouched in his hole began to haunt me and I realized that I had lost
my friend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was every muscle a
hero, and he should have died a hero’s death as he stormed an enemy
emplacement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had displayed his
ability and guts often enough before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But he was far behind the lines when the artillery shell with his number
on it landed in his hole.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s another shocking thing
about this war – a hero, contrary to fiction and Hollywood, seldom dies a hero’s
death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s just an unlucky hit
which gets him when he doesn’t even have a chance to fight back.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The arrival in Germany (particularly
this section) was a shock to some.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The German civilian is not the fictional type of enemy who shifty-eyed
lurks around the corner for an opportunity to stab us in the back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They’re just like all the German
families I’ve known in Dunlap and Princeville.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, I know that these people are my enemies and in no
way can they be forgiven for what they have done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They must pay, individually and collectively, for centuries
to come to atone for their responsibility in supporting the Nazi machine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, now that I’m here it’s easy to see
why they’ve been so easy to mislead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It’s plainly evident that during the past two decades this country has
become progressive, cultured, and prosperous to an extent which surpasses
(probably at their expense) any other country I’ve “visited” and which sections
of America can envy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For instance,
slum districts are noticeably missing from industrial areas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also, many of the homes I’ve stayed in
lately (we just take over any which we want and move out the occupants) show
evidences of superior taste in art and music.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And just as the French femmes know how to drape clothes on
their lovely bodies, the Germans know how to use functionally modern home
furnishings which makes much American taste seem ridiculous and gaudy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Did you ever get the letter which
I wrote to you about Jan 10 concerning one of my reconnaissance missions?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Don’t know what the army’s educational
program after the victory here will have to offer me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It sounds, good, but like so many of the army’s plans, I
don’t have any faith in it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’ll
sound good on paper and the folks at home will think that the boys are getting
something wonderful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But if past
experience is any indication, most of them will spend the months waiting for
the boat by doing close order drill and polishing shoes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m still not entirely clear as
to Lee’s activities and to what they are supposed to lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I got within a couple of miles of the
Major recently but my map didn’t point in that direction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ll be anxious to hear what your
final plans are for next year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
don’t think that I’m going to have to worry about that problem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Love,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Bill<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-70758776474800454102015-09-11T07:27:00.001-07:002015-09-13T13:05:47.321-07:00Chapter 10- His Death<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">His Death<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“That’s another shocking thing about this war- a hero, contrary to
fiction and Hollywood, seldom dies a hero’s death. It’s just an unlucky hit
which gets him when he doesn’t even have a chance to fight back.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Bill Allen describing the death of a
close friend in a letter to his Aunt Mabel, written March 13, 1945.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Death surrounds a soldier. Just
over a month before his own death, Bill described his reaction to the death of
a friend. On March 13 in a letter to his Aunt Mabel, Bill described the loss of
a close friend.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">“I
shall never forget late one afternoon when I discovered dead near his gun
position the man whom I respected above all others as a soldier. I calmly
reported the fact and got a good night’s sleep. It was not until several days
later that his body slouched in his hole began to haunt me and I realized that
I had lost my friend. He was every muscle a hero, and he should have died a
hero’s death as he stormed an enemy emplacement. He had displayed his ability
and guts often enough before. But he was far behind the lines when the
artillery shell with his number on it landed in his hole.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;">“That’s another
shocking thing about this war- a hero, contrary to fiction and Hollywood,
seldom dies a hero’s death. It’s just an unlucky hit which gets him when he
doesn’t even have a chance to fight back.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
The first death in the Allen family
was Elizabeth’s husband, Major Robert Arnold. He was killed in action on February
25, 1945. Bill received word from his mother of Robert’s death. Bill responded
to Robert’s death with the following letter:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Germany</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 23, 1945</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Dear Folks,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
The letter I’ve been dreading for so long arrived
tonight. I’ve been hoping that our immediate family might escape having to pay
the supreme price, but I guess that the law of averages works there as well as
any place else. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Robert was one who I hadn’t worried a lot about. An
artillery battalion executive officer isn’t ordinarily subjected to a lot of
danger. But he was probably doing more than his job. Your time table will tell
you that he was killed on the day of the big jump-off along the Roer and that was
a big day for the artillery. They saved a lot infantry lives that day. Maybe
mine among them.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Even as accustomed to such things as I have become, it
was a blow to me. However, I’m glad that you wrote to me. I’d have felt pretty
bad if I had received the word via a returned letter which I wrote to him a few
days ago.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
I’m going to write to Elizabeth a letter tonight, and
that’s a tough assignment. You may not hear from me again for a few days, but
I’ll be ok.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Love, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Bill</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Two days later on March 25, Bill reflected more on Robert’s death in a
letter to his parents.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“This
morning I had the opportunity to go to Brussels for a three day pass, but
didn’t feel in the mood for celebration at this particular time; and then, too,
I feel that I must do the fighting for two members of the family now that
Robert isn’t here. I’ll get to go later.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“I’m
glad you wrote to me about Robert. I received a letter from Cable tonight n
which he mentioned seeing the notice in the paper. His letter was written
before Mother’s, but luckily hers got here first. My anxiety would have been
great had I not received the notice from home first.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“I
will admit that that’s been the biggest blow to me which I’ve yet received.
I’ve seen dozens of men die. Several of them I could call close friends.
However, when it strikes my own home, it’s still hard to take. I think because
I know what he meant to Elizabeth and what a great adjustment it will mean in
her life. It’s not that I don’t realize that she isn’t great enough to make it,
but it’s so unnecessarily cruel that such things have to happen.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Bill Allen was to be killed on
April 19, 1945. This was three days after his 28<sup>th</sup> birthday. This
was just 19 days before V-E Day. According to the 331<sup>st</sup> Infantry
Division’s action reports for each day, the 331<sup>st</sup> Infantry Division
had no casualties listed after April 19. He was killed near Tochheim, Germany.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The front page of the Galesburg Register-Mail had national war stories
and reports throughout the spring of 1945. Individual death reports were put on
the second page, and were usually just one column with anywhere from just one
or two deaths per day to highs of three or four deaths of soldiers from the
Galesburg area.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">The headlines of the Register-Mail show how close it was to the end of
the war:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 19<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ruhr
Victory Complete</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 20<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Drive
for Hitler’s Hideaway</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 21<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Red
Armies Besiege Berlin</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 23<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Russians
Fight Inside Berlin</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 24<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Slash
Thru Heart of Berlin</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 25<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Allies
Close to Munich</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 26<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Capture
Bremen, Stetten</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 27<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Armies
Join, Split Reich</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 28<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Himler
Offers Surrender</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 30<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Nazi
Surrender Offer on Way to Allied Big 3</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
(Bill Allen’s Memorial Service at Galesburg High School was on May 1.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;">In a letter written after 2000, Ben Allen described his memories of the
family being notified of the death first of Robert, and then later of the death
of Bill. This was a letter to Roukens of Holland who had requested information
to help a man writing a book about World War II.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pH1TKrKtUM0/VfNqcozsM7I/AAAAAAAAGRU/UHQLd0fg3Ng/s1600/10-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pH1TKrKtUM0/VfNqcozsM7I/AAAAAAAAGRU/UHQLd0fg3Ng/s640/10-1.png" width="536" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ikyXoMpRzf4/VfNqwSre_fI/AAAAAAAAGSM/oZj_PloPbHw/s1600/10-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="244" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ikyXoMpRzf4/VfNqwSre_fI/AAAAAAAAGSM/oZj_PloPbHw/s640/10-2.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--SHx6wnxOuU/VfNqz9lT10I/AAAAAAAAGSY/AdQhVtr6oo0/s1600/10-3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="510" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--SHx6wnxOuU/VfNqz9lT10I/AAAAAAAAGSY/AdQhVtr6oo0/s640/10-3.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Ben Allen<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UfFRskj16nQ/VfNq2Xzs5SI/AAAAAAAAGSs/n5Xyxl-D9I8/s1600/10-4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UfFRskj16nQ/VfNq2Xzs5SI/AAAAAAAAGSs/n5Xyxl-D9I8/s400/10-4.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Letter which had been sent by Aunt Mabel but returned "Deceased."</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-c4ycfQ2zURM/VfNq6MfcvxI/AAAAAAAAGS0/P1FvDdrsQ9k/s1600/10-5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-c4ycfQ2zURM/VfNq6MfcvxI/AAAAAAAAGS0/P1FvDdrsQ9k/s640/10-5.png" width="248" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Article with death notice of Robert Arnold- most likely the Peoria paper.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zMKCoVxqcs4/VfNq6ZPbr8I/AAAAAAAAGS4/A0YZ83kJe8Q/s1600/10-6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zMKCoVxqcs4/VfNq6ZPbr8I/AAAAAAAAGS4/A0YZ83kJe8Q/s640/10-6.png" width="262" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is believed to be the Peoria newspaper.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HwhJkfNBymQ/VfNq7VHzjeI/AAAAAAAAGTE/X1D46kKeoNs/s1600/10-7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HwhJkfNBymQ/VfNq7VHzjeI/AAAAAAAAGTE/X1D46kKeoNs/s640/10-7.png" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Newspaper is unknown.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7P-xUeJfUPw/VfNqbhwRI_I/AAAAAAAAGRM/gF-Ros-REjQ/s1600/10-10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7P-xUeJfUPw/VfNqbhwRI_I/AAAAAAAAGRM/gF-Ros-REjQ/s640/10-10.png" width="276" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Galesburg Register-Mail on April 30, 1945</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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The following is from the Galesburg Register-Mail on May 2, 1945. It should be noted that the eulogist was Helen Barrow, who had been active in Bill Allen's GHS plays.<br />
<b><span style="font-size: 24pt;">SGT. BILL ALLEN</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 24pt;">IS EULOGIZED AT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 24pt;">G.H.S. SERVICE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Impressive services in the memory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">of Sgt. William Allen, who was<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">killed in combat April 18 in Ger-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">many, were held Tuesday morning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">at the Galesburg High School<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">where Sgt. Allen was a teacher<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">before entering the service of his<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">country. Supt. R. V. Lindsay<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">opened the services at 11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">o’clock in the school auditorium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">by paying tribute to the splendid<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">work of Sgt. Allen while he was<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Miss Helen Barrow, a graduate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">of G.H.S. now attending Knox<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">College, eulogized his work with<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">the students. In closing the a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">cappella choir sang the lovely<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">“Lord Bless You and Keep You,”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">and cornetists Bill Kimpton sound-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">ed the taps.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BzGUWL_7Tgc/VfNqeCO3rRI/AAAAAAAAGRc/v9Fyxx3xDMw/s1600/10-12.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BzGUWL_7Tgc/VfNqeCO3rRI/AAAAAAAAGRc/v9Fyxx3xDMw/s640/10-12.png" width="232" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">GHS Budget, May 3, 1945<br /></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"> Eulogy by Supt. Lindsay at the Memorial Service</span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-coE3v8aOUeE/VfNqmLrNkbI/AAAAAAAAGRo/IS4R0DlTxHM/s1600/10-13.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-coE3v8aOUeE/VfNqmLrNkbI/AAAAAAAAGRo/IS4R0DlTxHM/s640/10-13.png" width="454" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9tIAJ7_4HuM/VfNqlngqqXI/AAAAAAAAGRk/0RwkTHUQ7Io/s1600/10-14.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9tIAJ7_4HuM/VfNqlngqqXI/AAAAAAAAGRk/0RwkTHUQ7Io/s640/10-14.png" width="434" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4Cjq5klMwak/VfNqmuPoeUI/AAAAAAAAGRw/w7pcV-crjQI/s1600/10-15.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4Cjq5klMwak/VfNqmuPoeUI/AAAAAAAAGRw/w7pcV-crjQI/s640/10-15.png" width="434" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NRDyYqtga5Q/VfNqpvJCPuI/AAAAAAAAGR8/BX-VBcxGu1I/s1600/10-16.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="368" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NRDyYqtga5Q/VfNqpvJCPuI/AAAAAAAAGR8/BX-VBcxGu1I/s400/10-16.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--Va_8lMMcFY/VfNqtW3BjaI/AAAAAAAAGSE/i9aYQRm4jdI/s1600/10-17.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="476" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--Va_8lMMcFY/VfNqtW3BjaI/AAAAAAAAGSE/i9aYQRm4jdI/s640/10-17.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Plaque at Galesburg High School</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pjyFYuZmxKY/VfNqznFjnoI/AAAAAAAAGSc/xbovrO5Xbx8/s1600/10-18.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pjyFYuZmxKY/VfNqznFjnoI/AAAAAAAAGSc/xbovrO5Xbx8/s400/10-18.png" width="253" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MdOYR63vLiI/VfNqzeuqcfI/AAAAAAAAGSU/x6Yg-rL4h8E/s1600/10-19.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="219" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MdOYR63vLiI/VfNqzeuqcfI/AAAAAAAAGSU/x6Yg-rL4h8E/s320/10-19.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Picture and information at Memorial Gym at Knox College</span></td></tr>
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Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-37257676157213901842015-09-11T07:10:00.000-07:002015-09-13T08:16:08.429-07:00Chapter 11- Margraten American Cemetery<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 28.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 36.0pt;">Margraten American
Cemetery<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">William Allen<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Plot E<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Row 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Grave 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">When a U.S. soldier
is killed in action, the family has a choice of where they wish to have the
body interred. The body of the fallen soldier can be sent back to the family’s
local cemetery, taken to Arlington National Cemetery, or put to rest in
American military cemetery nearest where the soldier was killed. The family of
William Allen, chose to have his remains buried in Margraten American Cemetery.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">The U.S. military
leaders had promised not to have any Americans buried on enemy soil. So any
soldier, such as Bill, who was killed in Germany was brought back to Margraten.
The majority of soldiers in Margraten were soldiers brought back from Germany.
Margraten is located 408 miles from Berlin, 13 miles from the German border,
and 4,390 miles from Alta, Illinois.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">With the intense
fighting in the area of the Belgium, Holland, and German borders, there was a
huge number of causalities. There was a need for the development of a cemetery
in the region. The book From Farmland to Soldiers Cemetery by Mieke Kirkels and
Jo Purnot describes the immense task of developing the Margraten American
Cemetery (The Netherlands American Cemetery).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Much of the land was a farm owned by the Prevoo family.
Their son described, ”One morning when they went to harvest the rye, there was
not a single spring of rye to be seen; the Americans had already started to
bury their dead there.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">From Farmland to Soldiers Cemetery, </span>p.22)</div>
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The burial work during the war fell mainly on
African-American soldiers. Jeff Wiggins, an African-American soldier,
remembers,” We were all black Americans and we were apparently put to work
there because they thought that we were uniquely suited for that kind of work.
We were uneducated, hadn’t learned any skills and we had a strong back. They
didn’t let us fight: I think that was because they were afraid to put a gun
into the hands of people that had been oppressed for so long. And we, young
black soldiers, buried all those white soldiers. I often thought, as a did
others: “if only they would give us a gun, then we’d finish the job together.
The sooner the war is over the sooner we can go home.’ I didn’t bury a single
black soldier.” P.46)</div>
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By March of 1946, the total bodies at Margraten was 17,742
Americans, 1,026 other Allies, 700 Russians, and 3,075 Germans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was decided in April of 1947 by the
Secretary of War to make this a permanent cemetery. At this time the German
bodies were exhumed and taken to Ysselsteyn where over 31,000 Germans are
buried. 1,026 Allies were taken to their own countries to be reburied. The
Russians were removed to Amersfoort. </div>
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With the closing of other cemeteries, additional American
bodies were brought in to raise the American total to over 18,000. Approximately
10,000 bodies were then repatriated to U.S. from Margraten. All total over
170,000 U.S. soldiers were repatriated to U.S.</div>
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“At the end of 1948 the gigantic task commenced: All
Americans who had been buried were to be exhumed again. Civilians who were paid
by the American government were hired to do the work. Because there was hardly
any work to be had at the time, many inhabitants of Margraten and the
surrounding area reported to the cemetery. Some did not come of their own free
will and others came against their better judgment, but they all had to put
bread on the table. The civilians had to open the graves to the depth where the
body lay, after which the Americans removed the body from the grave. Only a few
civilians had access to the tents and sheds where the bodies were “unpacked”,
clothing was removed and the bodies were put in basins. Back rubber gloves were
used to prevent contamination. Employees were also given pills that were to be
taken daily. Nevertheless people often had to be taken to the hospital with
signs of cadaver poisoning.” (p.14, From Farmland to Soldiers Cemetery)</div>
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“As many as 8,301 Americans found their last resting place
at Margraten. The caskets were placed in the typical fan shape that is still
there today, after which the caskets were covered with soil. Until that time
each casket was covered with the American flag. While these mass burials were
taking place, a remembrance ceremony was held every evening.” (p.15)</div>
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In 1949 the job was finished and the U.S. Army turned the
grounds over to the American Battlefield Monument Commission.</div>
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Albert Smaha an American officer later says, “I didn’t talk
about Margraten for a good many years. Looking at the pictures I can see how
beautiful it became. It is still not easy to talk about it, but that makes it
easier.” (p.43)</div>
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Today the land is immaculately cared for. Wiel Frints describes
the care of the lawn that makes it so beautiful, “The lawns were mowed twice a
week. One time, they would leave the cut grass on the lawn, the next time it
would be removed.” (p.159)</div>
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Families can order flowers to be placed on the graves. The
flowers are kept for exactly one week.</div>
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The Netherlands celebrates Memorial Day on May 4 each year.
There is a huge ceremony to honor the soldiers at the Margraten American
Cemetery. Local school children place flags of either The Dutch or United
States on the over 8,000 graves. Estimates are that as many as 5,000 to 8,000
have attended the services. In the 1950’s there were close to 500 veterans who
would return for the service. Today there are usually between 30-40 who return
for the service.</div>
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Each of the 8,000 graves have been “adopted” by local
people. The local citizens from generation to generation, take responsibility
for caring for each grave. Many of these local citizens take flowers to the
grave and attend the Memorial Day service. </div>
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In the case of William Allen and Robert Arnold, the
Goettgens family adopted their graves. The Goettgens had been the family who
had hosted mainly Robert, but on some occasions also William in their home. So
starting in the late 1940’s up to today, this family has maintained the care of
the two graves. After the death of her parents, daughter Pauline has maintained
the care up today. Frans and Pauline Roukens have honored the two fallen
soldiers since the 1960’s. It is a unique situation, Pauline as a small girl
had actually met both of the soldiers when they visited her home. </div>
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Starting in the late 1940’s, the Goettgens first and then
later the Roukens have hosted members of the Allen’s on approximately ten
different visits to Margraten. The first to visit Margraten, were Lura
(William’s mother) and Beth (Robert’s widow and William’s sister). They visited
in 1948. The Supt. of the Margraten American Cemetery said they were one of
first from America to visit.</div>
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The Allen family and the Goettgens (Roukens) families had a
period of time in the 1960’s and 1970’s where they lost contact because of
family changes of address. It was William’s nephew, Brian who when stationed in
the 1980’s “found” the Roukens again. Since that time, the two families have
maintained contact. </div>
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In the next part, I have included three letters which give a
perspective on this relationship. Brian Allen describes the process of becoming
reconnected. Then there are two letters- one from Pauline Rouken and one from
Frans Rouken, who share their experiences as children in World War II. These two
letters help one understand why a family would for 70 years take the
responsibility of honoring two fallen soldiers.</div>
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<b>The following is an excerpt from Brian Allen’s recollection
of the reconnection:</b></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“I'm afraid it
wasn't as dramatic as going to the mayor. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First, just to be accurate, the connection to the Roukens
(actually the Goettgens family - Pauline's family) was really through Uncle Bob
- Elizabeth's first husband. His unit was encamped on the grounds of a coal
mine where Pauline's father was the chief engineer. As often happened, the
American GIs made friends with the Dutch families and it was a mutually
beneficial relationship. The families did the soldiers' laundry and cooked
meals and the soldiers got food and some other things that they could get to
the family. It happened that Uncle Bob and the Goettgens family established a
relationship.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“According to
Pauline they had met Uncle Bill on at least one occasion, but he and Uncle Bob
were in different units, so I can't imagine he spent a lot of time there. Uncle
Bob was killed in February of 1945 in the fighting around Aachen, so it wasn't
unusual that he would have been interred in Margraten. Uncle Bill wasn't killed
til April, so it was kind of a coincidence that he should be interred in the
same cemetery. After the war a lot of the families had the bodies of loved ones
shipped back to the United States, but apparently the Allens decided not to do
that.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“A couple of
years after the war, Grandma Allen and Elizabeth went to Europe to visit the
cemetery. At that time they met with the family, and Pauline was pretty much
their translator. She and Elizabeth stayed in touch for some time, but
gradually stopped corresponding. Just before we moved to Germany, we stopped in
Mahomet to see Elizabeth and Tom. Elizabeth started digging around in a box and
came up with the invitation to Pauline and Frans' wedding, which was about the
last correspondence she had from Pauline. It had an address on it, so she gave
it to us on the off chance that we could get in touch with them.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“We got to Europe
in summer of 1987. In October of that year we decided to go to visit Margraten,
and we took the address with us. After visiting the cemetery, we went into
Kerkrade, the town where Pauline's family had lived and where the address was.
We went to the tourist office in town to find someone who spoke English, and it
turned out we were only a few blocks from the address. We walked to the address
and rang the bell, and a fairly elderly woman came to the door. We knew she
couldn't be Pauline, but she spoke no English, French or Spanish, which pretty
much exhausted my linguistic abilities, so we couldn't explain who we were or
what we wanted. Nonetheless, she invited us in and started making phone calls.
She finally reached someone, and a few minutes later a middle-aged man came in
who spoke English, and turned out to be Frans' brother. The address on the
invitation had been the Roukens' family address. He gave us the address where
Pauline and Frans live, so we thanked him and headed out.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“It was getting
late, but we decided that after having come that far and gone through that
much, we had to find them. Of course there were no GPSs at the time, but using
a map and dead reckoning, we found the Roukens' house, only to find no one
home. I left a note in the door telling who we were and why we had come, and
left our address in Germany. A week later we had a very nice letter from Pauline
with an invitation to come for the Memorial Day Ceremony at Margraten the
following year.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“Actually we made
it up for the ceremony three different years: 1988, 1989 or 90 (I don't
remember which) and 1991. These ceremonies are impressive. If you are family of
someone in the cemetery, you get special treatment and are seated in a special
section. There are always high ranking speakers from both countries (like
ambassador and cabinet level), military bands and units from both countries,
they have also had choirs and there is almost always a fly over by an Air Force
unit from one country or the other. When we went up for the first time, we also
were invited to a reception thrown by the Lord Mayor of Kerkrade, but that was
the only time we got that treat. The bottom line is that the Memorial Day
Ceremonies in the US cemeteries overseas (and there are a number in Europe) are
pretty impressive.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“I don't know if
the Roukens sent you all a copy of the book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Margraten Boys</i> which describes the beginning of the cemetery and how it
came about that all the graves have been adopted by Dutch families. Every grave
will be decorated for Memorial Days, and many of the attendees at the ceremony
are from the families. They had also sent us a book a couple of years ago that
describes how much of the work of moving remains from the battlefields to Margraten,
and much of the work actually developing the cemetery itself was done by the
black civil engineering units and graves registration units - a legacy of the
segregated military.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Brian describes
the visit of his parents, Lee and Pat, and Elizabeth in the 1980’s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“By the time Mom
and Dad and Elizabeth came over, Leni had passed away, but Alex was still
alive. So for Elizabeth and Pauline and Alex, it was a reunion with someone
they hadn't seen since 1948 and was a very strong link to the time right after
the war. Obviously the visit to the cemetery was moving for both Dad and
Elizabeth, again, more so for Elizabeth, I think. I'm pretty sure Dad ordered
one of the pictures of Bill's grave that you can have done, but neither Karen
or I have come across it, so I may be wrong about that. I'm going to order one
while we're there this year.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“A little
sidelight about Alex (who has since passed away). During the war he was a
teenager. The father of a friend of his was arrested by the Germans and
apparently was executed. The family was notified to come to claim the body.
Alex had his own contacts in the underground, and they told him not to let his
friend go alone to claim the body, or he would just disappear. Alex went with
him to claim the body, and both of them were arrested. They were sent to
Germany to some sort of internment camp, from which Alex somehow escaped and
made his way back to Holland. Of course once he got home, they couldn't let
anyone know he was there because they didn't know who they could trust.
Consequently he lived in a small room in the basement of the house for some
time. Pauline remembers him spending a lot of time reading to her, and she
remembers being told that she had to be very careful not to let on to anyone
that he was home. It's one thing to see that kind of thing in movies or TV, but
something else to talk to someone who actually lived it.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Brian Allen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>The following is a letter from Frans Roukens:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Evan,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When WWII broke out in Western Europe (May 10, 1940), I was
three and a half years old. So I cannot remember much of those days. The only
thing I do remember of the invasion is that in the evening of May 10, I went
with my father to the center of our town in Kerkrade (that lays against the
German border). There is still a street of which one side is German and the
other one is Dutch, at that time and shortly after the war divided by barbed
wire.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I clearly remember an enormous number of all sorts of German
vehicles standing in the marketplace and streets around the market. They came
from the German border and drove further on out of our town (so Belgium so I
heard later).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For me as a young boy the rest of the wartime went on as if
there was nothing wrong. I can’t remember having seen any German soldier. The
only nasty things were the air-raids foreboded by wailing sirens. In the
daytime I could see hundreds of planes, high in the sky with long vapour trails
behind them. Then it was was time to leave school and run as quick as possible
to a shelter. When it happened at night we had to leave our beds, pulling on
clothes over our pajama’s and go to the cellar of our house. We shivered with
cold and fear and prayed. Very agonizing was the night when Aachen (10 km’s
from Kerkrade) was bombed by the end of the war. Dozens of bombers flew over
our town to drop their bombs on the city of Archeon. The horizon was red by the
fires. “Aachen is burning,” we were told at school the next morning.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
War started for me, when it was nearly over for us on
September 25, 1944, the day that 37,000 inhabitants of Kerkrade Est had to
evacuate by order of the German occupiers.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To understand why we had to evacuate I must give some
geographic information of the town of Kerkrade. It is a queer town. It exists
out of two parts, Kerkrade West (10,000 inhabitants) and Kerkrade East (37,000
inhabitants). The two parts are separated by fields, a valley where a brook
streams, then a forested slope and at last a railway. To from West to East, you
have to drive through a tunnel or go over a winding road. So Kerkrade East is a
classical example of a town that easily can be defended. So a tough task for
U.S. troops.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the beginning of September 1944, U.S. forces liberated
Kerkrade West. But they hesitated to push through to Kerkrade East for they
feared the strength of the German forces. The Germans had the advantage of the
natural circumstances and besides the Germans didn’t want to give up Kerkrade
East for then the road to Aachen was open for the U.S. forces. The U.S. forces
needed time to recover and to strengthen their forces. A street by street fight
was feared.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So in the middle of the night of Monday, September 25 the
inhabitants of Kerchrade East were ordered to leave their houses and the town
between 2:00am and noon. Only one road was available. Can you imagine what a
disorder it is when so many people (37,000) with what is strictly necessary on
bikes, carts, and baby carriages, etc. in an immense row? People were extremely
glad that they could go to the liberated area and not to the East to Germany.
Of that march I remember two special things.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Going down that winding road we passed in the valley German
soldiers in their trenches. Going up the hill about 300 meters farther, there
were the GI’s and the Dutch flag fluttered in the wind. The U.S. soldiers were
distributing “real” chocolate, chewing gum, and many, many cigarettes. The men
immediately lighted up a real cigarette became sick and some had to vomit,
because they were not accustomed to real tobacco but to home-grown substance.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Further on we had to walk through the fields. The small path
was full of mud that made walking difficult. About 500 meters in front of us a
German grenade exploded in the crowd. We had to stop for a long time. When we
passed that spot I saw 12 corpses, among whom 3 children laying along the path
and many wounded persons, screaming with pain. A long row of army-ambulances
came to meet us to pick up the wounded to take them to the hospital in
Maastricht. We walked about 15 miles further and spent the night in a shed of a
winery together with some neighbour-families. We slept in straw and stayed a
week there. In the fields around that little village many U.S. soldiers had
been encamped. (Many, many years later we discovered that Pauline stayed as a
five year old girl at a farm next door to our shed.) After that week we went to
Heerlin, where we stayed three weeks at two families. The fathers were
colleagues of my father.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When we returned after 4 weeks we came home in an intact
house, only the glass was out of the windows. Our neighbour’s house had been
hit by a grenade and was heavily damaged. The windows were shut by mica. It
lasted nearly a year before we became glass and we could look outside.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When I walked out of our street I came to a large field
where U.S. soldiers were with cannons and defensive cannons against hostile air
raids. As boys we liked to play around that military equipment but when the
GI’s came we were severely ordered to go home because it was too dangerous in
case of an attack.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Alarming was that grenades for the cannons were piled up
against the houses in our street. I didn’t sleep many nights out of fear the grenades
could explode.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But I was an eight year old and innocent boy, so I would go
straight to heaven. So my little brother who was killed in a car accident just
before my eyes two years earlier.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Those were the thoughts of a young Dutch boy by the end of
the war.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Landgrasf, November 23, 2013</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Frans Roukens</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Landgraaf</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3 December ‘13</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The following are memories of Pauline Roukens:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dear Evan, Amy, and Allen,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In reply on your letter of 21 August 13:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A very good article. Fascinating story and puts on to
reflecting. Good Bible texts. Even to those who do not read the Bible, it
appeals to ethic thinking.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Thinking between profession and vocation, Bill felt called
upon to something higher. He put himself a higher object. He felt a serving
task, because people thanked him for fighting for their freedom. Every time I
am standing at their grave I feel:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->I can stand here because he gave his young life
for me, my parents.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->I could start my life after 1945 and have been
able to live it for 74 years.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Bill’s life stopped, he was not able to exercise his
profession anymore, he could not marry and didn’t become children. When his
brother-in-law was killed, he was fully aware of this still more. He felt the
approach of his end and this declares his sad radiation that I felt as a six
year old child in his presence in our living room. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At my age of 74 years old, I begin to understand a bit what
Bill thought and felt. He had much inner struggle and loneliness. That
loneliness I begin to understand now. He was also a human being who saw when
his fellow soldiers needed some extra attention. That is why he went to fetch
the meal and took back the used utensils. From his position, he didn’t need to
do that, but he just did it for them.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Bill did something commor for them but it really was
something exceptional, something additional to motivate and to support them. He
and his brother-in-law were like you Evan called it: “serving people.” I call
them “exceptional” people and that is why my husband and I go to those two guys
in Margraten, keeping up Memorial Day and other days, laying rose when making a
walk in the environ. For us they belong to our life, to the freedom thanks to
their fighting for us. Next Memorial Day I will say at his grave: “Bill, it was
not for nothing.” And that is what we will pass for them to our child,
wittingly our grandchild our friends. We take them with us to Margraten and
tell about them. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I urge them to read the book about Margraten Boys of
Professor Schrijvers, so they will realize how war and sorrow was for American
families to lose a husband or son, or like the Allen family to lose two family
members just before the end of the war. At my voluntary work at school there is
a group of students of Defense Division called for Safety and Homeland. They
will join the army for at least six years. I draw their attention to Margraten
and I advise them to pay a visit to the cemetery to make them aware of what
their choice of profession may mean.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My father was a mining engineer and working as a
superintendant on the Domaniale Mine, the oldest mine of Europe. Since 1100 the
monks of the Abbey of Rolduc in Kerkrade had started to dig coal in surface
mining. This Domaniale Mine was in 1944-5 place of a division of Major Robert
(Arnold) and there he met my father who took him home to his family in Marketstreet
22, Kerkrade. And this has been repeated very often. Robert found at my parents
hospitality and a warm family life, talking English with my brothers Herman and
Alex and sister Geny, eating the meals my excellent cooking mother prepared,
feeling without explaining that those sturdy American soldiers enjoyed the
clean uniforms washed and ironed by my mother and sisters. For that reason he
took sometimes William (Allen) with him, suffering from home-sickness. Shortly
they felt treated like one of the family.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My very first war memories (at probably 3 ½) was laying in
my bed and heard marching, stamping steps. It was summer, early in the morning.
My father, in his pajama’s was standing in the open window, looking down,
saying to my mother, “There are coming the Germans.” I didn’t know what that
meant.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
First of all the air-raid alarm nearly always in the middle
of the night. In a very quick time all the family members present at that
moment had to put on their winter clothes. Running to the cellar. In our house
there were 4 cellars. In the first, next to the stairs was standing a simple
wooden bench. With noise of the wailing sirens and low-flying airplanes, we
took place. I was sitting stiff and fearful, next to my mother. Sometimes if he
was at home, I was between my dad and mama. The other children were sitting in
another cellar, also on such a bench. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This bench was situated next to pile of coal. This pile my
father had stocked up before a small, low, iron door in the wall, made by
workmen of the mine. This little door gave entrance to the wine cellar of our neighbours.
They had a licensed victuallershop. Along their cellar walls were racks within
were laying and standing wine casks and hundreds of wine bottles. Between the
racks was a camping bed, that was nearly to be seen.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On that, my brother Alex (21 years old) was laying most of
the day and night time. Because he had been escaped from German imprisonment in
Berlin. He was a student in Nymegen as he was arrested for propagating<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and distributing resistance pamphlets.
He had been transported to an arms factory where he had to work. He was treated
badly and became ill. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In one way or another he succeeded in sending a message to
my father. With help of the Dutch resistance (and it must be said, of some good
German connections of my father), he succeeded in an escape from Berlin. In a
night my brother arrived by feet (from Berlin!!) in Herzongenrath, the little
town near Kerkrade, where was one side of the street German territory and the
other side behind the meter high barbed wire Dutch territory. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On German side he climbed over the wire. On Dutch side my
father was standing. As my mother always told me, my brother fainted in the
arms of my father, who carried him on his shoulders to my elderly house in Marketstreet
(about 2 ½ km’s). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Our neighbours and my parents had a knocking signal: 3 times
knocking on our kitchen wall: the Germans are coming to visit (=inquire) our
home and cellars: “open the gate.” In the highest speed someone ran downstairs
shoveled away the coal, opened the gate, my brother went in, door closed, coal
again shoveled in front of the gate. Where my brother hid was a secret from me,
so I couldn’t betray. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My mother had told me in a very severe way that Alex had now
a new name. He was named now Johan and if the German soldiers came and asked
him, I had always to say, “Johan is in Berlin.” If my brother was in our home,
safety measures went in the other way in reverse. The knocking signal was 2
times knocking on our kitchen wall. I am still always thinking that it is a
God’s miracle that all went well.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One afternoon there was a raid of two German soldiers. In a
hurry Mother dragged me to her bedroom and jumped under the blankets. I had to
do the same, totally dressed. Just in time because the soldier opened the door
and stared at us. In my memory it seems like that took a long time. The other
soldier ran through the house. Finally he turned and went downstairs. I felt
the fear of my mother and I also was very afraid. Without a word said to me, we
went again downstairs. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Of the evacuation, one day we had to leave the house on
Marketstreet. I was allowed to take my beloved patch work doll with me. I had
to sit on the carrier of my brother’s bike. He didn’t like that, so every time
I fell down to earth. At last I went hadn in hand with my mother. On a certain
point of the long, long way, my father came with a driver from the coal mine
and picked up my mother and me. He took my mother and me to a private address
in Kerkrade West- to a couple without children, an ex-miner. On the ceiling the
man had an aviary with tens of birds. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Every day I had to go upstairs with him to look after these
birds, making a lot of noise in the their cages. I didn’t like this. I found it
creepy, but didn’t dare to tell my mother. Luckily my father came to us and
brought news from him and the other children. They had been brought to a farm
where they had to work in the fields and at night sleep on the straw with tens
of other young ones. My mother got very angry and said to my father he had to
take care for of another address to stay. She liked to have her family all
together and no “Sodom and Gomorrah” like sleeping at night in the straw with
others. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There was another farmer’s family in Kunrade (a village near
Heerlen) who could adopt a complete family, but my father had to pay them 100
guilders a month. So we came to this farm. My sisters and future sister-in-law
had a room on the ceiling, and the boys also. I slept on two wooden arm chairs
pushed together, two pillows on it, and one blanket.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
During night as I turned, the chairs shove out and I fell on
the floor. My father always had to come out of bed to pick me up and restore my
bed, sometimes three times per night. Then he became angry and said, ”It is the
last time.” Stiff as a shelf I laid the rest of the night.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the meadows American soldiers were encamped. Every
evening two or three of them came and took an evening meal with the farmer and
us. And so we made the acquaintance of James Poinsatte from Fort Wayne in
Indiana. He played with me, carried me on his shoulders, and named me his
little girl friend. I really can say he lightened my evacuation days between
all those grown up people. He had also a warm friendship with my parents. After
the war he visited them two times until in the 1980’s. But he never wanted to
go to Margraten. He couldn’t because so many of his companions were laying
there.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Everyone of the family had a task on the farm. My brothers
and sisters had to work in the fields, to bring or fetch the cows in from the
fields.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once a cow ran away and
dragged my sister with him over the street and through the mud. She was very
upset. On another day a German pilot crashed with his airplane in the fields
during when my father and other family members were working there.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My mother and the fiancé peeled pails and pails of potatoes.
I observed, so she told me. I told the fiancé that she made them better and and
thinner than Mother. She told that for years and years! Daily I asked one of
the three farmers daily I asked one of the three daughters of the farmers if I
might accompany them to feed the pigs and prepare their meal. Always hands on
my back, I observed and thinking of the smell and odor of the food. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Everyday in the afternoon my mother took a little knife and
we went together upstairs to one of the ceilings where apples and pears were
laying and had been spread out. She peeled then a pear for me. Never I have
eaten a more delicious pear!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some years ago we discovered that during evacuation, Frans
had been several times in the neighbour’s house. At that time we shared already
destiny together!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As we returned home after the evacuation, our house in Marketstreet
was very disordered. American soldiers had been living there. And of course
they used the little gate to the neighbour’s wine cellars. My mother’s pots and
pans were in an other house, but I can’t remember there was said any plaintive
words. My parents educated me with a lot of respect for the Americans as our
liberators and bringing peace. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
After Brian (Allen) found out in 1985 where Frans and I were
living, I renewed immediately the contact and writing with Elizabeth. She came
with Pat and Lee and Brian in 1988. We had already been corresponding for three
years. So for me that was the moment in which became the reality of fulfilling
of a wish of mine. Elizabeth was more than a friend for me. Pat and Lee wrote
such cordial letters and became also a part of my life.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Beaucoup d’amities, je t’embrasse et salutations pous Amy et
Allen,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Pauline</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BlomAwld4K8/VfPp14TXXnI/AAAAAAAAGTo/2i1UZeeYuKQ/s1600/11-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BlomAwld4K8/VfPp14TXXnI/AAAAAAAAGTo/2i1UZeeYuKQ/s400/11-1.png" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Original wooden cross on Bill Allen's grave.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6aVC89kqe8w/VfPp7IrdW9I/AAAAAAAAGUA/_NWkI09Baes/s1600/11-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6aVC89kqe8w/VfPp7IrdW9I/AAAAAAAAGUA/_NWkI09Baes/s640/11-2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1948 visit by Lura Allen, Pauline's sister, Elizabeth, Pauline, Pauline's mother, Pauline's father, brother-Alex.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AsyrH8VCbjY/VfPp_GMoASI/AAAAAAAAGUc/r9Q38Y32WFw/s1600/11-3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AsyrH8VCbjY/VfPp_GMoASI/AAAAAAAAGUc/r9Q38Y32WFw/s400/11-3.png" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">1948- Elizabeth at Bob Arnold's grave.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nHN-fipjeXs/VfPp-IV3gwI/AAAAAAAAGUU/dmzP3XWpNVg/s1600/11-4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nHN-fipjeXs/VfPp-IV3gwI/AAAAAAAAGUU/dmzP3XWpNVg/s400/11-4.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pauline with a G.I.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UTXRrFyvlN8/VfPp_9ts5DI/AAAAAAAAGUk/xPFjKkTqSI8/s1600/11-5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UTXRrFyvlN8/VfPp_9ts5DI/AAAAAAAAGUk/xPFjKkTqSI8/s400/11-5.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">1980's visit by Lee, Pualine's father, Pat</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TGmLmivieNg/VfPqC5prazI/AAAAAAAAGUs/MnuDDn62InE/s1600/11-6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TGmLmivieNg/VfPqC5prazI/AAAAAAAAGUs/MnuDDn62InE/s640/11-6.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">1980's reunion with the Goettgens.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EMdVoUPcycw/VfPqFGVhonI/AAAAAAAAGU4/WdT6cObhWpw/s1600/11-7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EMdVoUPcycw/VfPqFGVhonI/AAAAAAAAGU4/WdT6cObhWpw/s640/11-7.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">1980's Reunion with the Goettgens.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F6cr_xUvHYE/VfPr3_TmkZI/AAAAAAAAGVI/l5Z9PTldfSE/s1600/11-9%2BBen.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F6cr_xUvHYE/VfPr3_TmkZI/AAAAAAAAGVI/l5Z9PTldfSE/s400/11-9%2BBen.png" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">1990's- Ben and Ruth Allen</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VLp8vSvR-q8/VfPqEnyjPnI/AAAAAAAAGU0/OHS97sh1MsA/s1600/11-9.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VLp8vSvR-q8/VfPqEnyjPnI/AAAAAAAAGU0/OHS97sh1MsA/s640/11-9.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">In 2013, Frans Roukens greeting Allen Massey at the Maastricht train station.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jG8_J5x8hek/VfPp1x2fnyI/AAAAAAAAGTs/D4NqGiYu_GQ/s1600/11-10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jG8_J5x8hek/VfPp1x2fnyI/AAAAAAAAGTs/D4NqGiYu_GQ/s640/11-10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">In 2013 at Bill Allen's grave- Mary Lemon, Amy Massey, Allen Massey, Frans Roukens, Pauline Roukens, Amanda Robertson.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ru6KH7ewIVU/VfPp1qYkwyI/AAAAAAAAGTk/7bgAIYuiayo/s1600/11-11.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ru6KH7ewIVU/VfPp1qYkwyI/AAAAAAAAGTk/7bgAIYuiayo/s640/11-11.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">In 2013 at Bill Allen's grave- Bill's great-nephew, Allen Massey wipes sand from Omaha Beach to make the letters readable.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wcnRCGt2WTg/VfPp7NsOWuI/AAAAAAAAGT8/5T1uPoccYko/s1600/11-13.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wcnRCGt2WTg/VfPp7NsOWuI/AAAAAAAAGT8/5T1uPoccYko/s640/11-13.png" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Add caption</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C-_w4YCtTJk/VfPp7lIvk-I/AAAAAAAAGUE/x1XoTMRae9A/s1600/11-14.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C-_w4YCtTJk/VfPp7lIvk-I/AAAAAAAAGUE/x1XoTMRae9A/s640/11-14.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lura and Benton Allen's tombstone in Mt. Hawley Cemetery outside Peoria has information about William Allen and Robert Allen at the bottom of their stone.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-59543205481206412442015-09-11T06:59:00.004-07:002015-09-11T14:56:51.554-07:00Chapter 12- Bill's Student<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bill's Student<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;">“There’s plenty of
reality to be faced, by all of us. As for the permanent peace, it’s in our laps
now. What are we going to do about it?”</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Jack Brooking, the
lead in the last play Bill Allen directed.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The following is written by former student, Jack Brooking.
It appeared in the Galesburg Register-Mail (date unknown):</div>
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<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Dutch Family Recalls
Memories of Sgt. Bill Allen for Brooking<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Holland</div>
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Memorial Day, 1952</div>
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Dear Friends,</div>
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<br /></div>
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The great Dutch clock over the doorway has just struck
midnight and the old terrier is asleep on the window ledge behind me, his cold
nose nuzzling my shoulder.</div>
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It is, as of two minutes ago, Memorial Day, 1952. </div>
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You must forgive me if I wax nostalgic for it is a strange
hour and a strange country and outside a chill wind hints of rain.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You must forgive me because I met up with an old friend
today and no matter how much one travels, the unseen forces which bring
acquaintances together in a foreign is an ever mysterious and magical thing.
All afternoon we were together in the solid Dutch living room with the fancy
lace curtains. The terrier sat up begging for candy, a little wobbly now for he
is an old dog and his begging days almost gone. The good frau Koene plied me
with coffee and practiced her newly acquired English which she had “learned
over the wireless.” As warm and cozy an afternoon as one could find on earth.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><u>Memories Come</u></b></div>
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I had not thought of my old teacher for years and through
the course of the afternoon we got reacquainted. He told me of his troop ship
pulling into England and all the sights and sounds of that land. The language
and money troubles, I could sympathize. The Christmas from “somewhere in
Germany” when he found nothing in his stocking Christmas morning but his foot.
Hadn’t been out of his socks in months. The floating crap game which had
weathered many months and two continents. Yes, it was a singular afternoon,
singular because you see, my friend is Sgt. William G. Allen, killed in service
on April 19, 1945.</div>
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<br /></div>
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No need to eulogize, come the dawn men all over the world standing
on hastily constructed platforms and amidst flower sprays will be taking care
of that. I have a feeling I’d be little good at eulogizing, anyhow. Rather I
will merely tell you of a day in Holland, just over the German border, when I
ran into an old friend in the comfortable brick home of a Dutch family.</div>
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I didn’t know Memorial Day was coming up, having absolutely
no memory for dates and having lost all track of time this past week anyhow.
This morning I crossed over the German-Holland border just out of Aachen. I
kept thinking of the four little girls playing skip-the-rope in the rubble of
what had once been an apartment house. I changed my few remaining marks into
(whatever the Dutch use, I can’t spell it) and hitched a ride to Margraten
Cemetery where I knew Sgt. Allen was buried.</div>
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<b><u>Beautiful Spot</u></b></div>
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It’s a beautiful spot this. High on a hill where the wind
catches the 18,000 twin Dutch-American flags whipping them together down row
after row of neat crosses. Round about lie the fields of Holland, looking much
like our fields at home. You will be happy to know that the guys are content
here, I think on the hill. They are well cared for and thought after. They are
with their comrades and feel at home.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The sky was gray wash as I headed for Maastrich to look up a
hastily scribbled address: the Koene family on Meerssenerweg St. Francis of
Allens I thought. </div>
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<br /></div>
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A jolly grey haired frau, who somehow reminded me of a lady
who used to sell popcorn next to the West theater, answered the door. This
shaggy haired and dusty stranger was welcomed with the glow of Dutch hospitality.
Bacon and eggs, a hot bath, great feather bed for the night and from some
hidden drawer or shelf Frau Koene produced the book. </div>
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This was the book of letters and photographs which Bill’s
folks have compiled. And there they were, the great nose, the grin, the words
of hope of a man I had almost forgotten. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Don’t fool yourself, one forgets. One has no right to forget
the face of a friend, his wit, the cold of a German winter, the anxieties of
the war years, the kindness once shown at a moment when kindness was important.
But we do. Somehow the memory dims until something suddenly jars it to the
surface again. Mine was jarred and I came face to face with a new and greater
man than I had remembered. A man who wrote well, because he wrote simply and
truthfully.</div>
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<b><u>What Sgt. Allen Said </u></b></div>
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I watched a school teacher yanked from a GHS study hall and
thrust into a new and comical world.</div>
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“We were given another of the famous army assembly line
physicals in which one doctor looks down our throat, another looks up at
through the bottom, and a third says “OK”. I’ve often wondered what the third
one would say if the first two hadn’t seen through at each other.”</div>
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<br /></div>
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And he grew by great swift bounds, wondering not so much
about what lay ahead as his adjustment to it.</div>
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“The physical adjustment is nothing compared with the mental
agaony that someone in this life experiences as he prepares himself for what is
ahead.”</div>
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<br /></div>
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And again…</div>
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“The serious thoughts which we confide in each other as we
give thanks that our number has not yet been called for the Final Induction
deals rather with what we expect to find when we return to the democratic way
of life and trying to find some idealistic expression to justify the vacancies
in our ranks.”</div>
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<b><u>Found Other Things</u></b></div>
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Did he ever find that expression, the great answer? I doubt
it, for in this complex world great answers are few and far between. But he
found other things even more important; a new and vital brand of religion free
of trappings, a new comradeship among men, and the warmth of foreign peoples
toward a stranger. And though his trip through Europe was no Cook’s Tour, he
left us a new perspective, a few final scattered words.</div>
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“I really believe that if I did not have faith that this
time some permanent peace can be achieved from the struggle, I wouldn’t have
the courage to face what may be ahead of me.”</div>
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<br /></div>
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“If there’s anything an infantryman has learned- it’s to
face reality.”</div>
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There’s still plenty of reality to be faced, by all of us.
As for the permanent peace, it’s in our laps now. What are we going to do about
it?</div>
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<br /></div>
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Nestled somewhere in one of his letters, he said, “I think
of you people often, and how much you did to make my months in Galesburg among
the happiest of my life. I’ll be back again some day…”</div>
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I should like to think that today he is.</div>
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<br /></div>
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-- Jack Brooking</div>
Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-88614746027259758722015-09-11T06:57:00.000-07:002015-09-11T14:51:47.492-07:00Chapter 13- The Graduation Speech<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Graduation Speech<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William's niece, Mary Lemon gave Lebanon Valley College graduation address.</td></tr>
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<br />Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7124497477173230951.post-87671345584025327312015-09-11T06:38:00.001-07:002015-09-11T06:38:39.979-07:00Chapter 14- The Empty Rocker<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 36.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The Empty Rocker<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<i>“We all do a lot of
planning for the future and I’ve done a lot of thinking along that line myself.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I fear that I’ll never be able to
go back to the classroom and earn my living there again.”</i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Bill Allen in letter
sent to Aunt Mabel November 12, 1944</div>
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When we study war in school, we always talk about the
“soldiers.” We talk about how many “soldiers” die. We need to remember these
soldiers are sons and daughters, and brothers and sisters, who are lost to
families.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #141823; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">As young children play, parents smile and dream about their
future. This little rocker belonged to William Allen as a child. I am sure
after his death in WW2, his mother and father looked at this empty rocker and
thought about the hopes and dreams they had for a little Bill. Not just
soldiers sacrificed but their families did too. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #141823; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">Elizabeth (Bill's sister) wrote the following about her
brother:</span><span style="color: #141823; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">He set aside his future plans<br />
His every youthful hope and dream<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #141823; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">He visioned all mankind his friends<br />
And gave for them the gift supreme.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Massey Basketballhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10843186747220383488noreply@blogger.com1